A three-phase compressor uses three electrical windings to create a constant power supply, making it more durable than single-phase machines. It requires specialized AC power and is versatile for use with various tools. However, it requires three-phase power circuits, which may not be available in home garages or small businesses.
A three-phase compressor is a machine that compresses the air inside a storage tank to generate power for connected air tools, such as grinders or nail guns. This specialized machine does not use a basic single winding motor; rather, it has three different electrical windings within a motor housing to create a constant power supply to the three-phase compressor. Many large companies use these types of compressors due to their durability and reliability.
These superchargers use an alternating current (AC) electrical supply to power the motor, just like the power supplied by a common wall outlet; however, a three-phase compressor must have specialized AC power in the form of three staggered electrical pulses. Similar to ocean waves, three-phase electricity uses the crests of three different electrical impulses to provide continuous power to the compressor. The machine never experiences a drop in power levels like a single phase motor would encounter with normal electricity from a wall outlet, effectively creating a constant feed to the hard working compressor motor.
The basic operation of three-phase compressor is similar to single-phase machines. The compressor motor pushes outside air into the machine until the storage tank is densely filled with air molecules. A user connects a pneumatic tool to the machine; compressed air rushes into the tool to generate mechanical motion. Many companies use compressors because their versatility allows them to be used with various tools so employees don’t get tired by heavy tools that require individual motors.
A disadvantage of a three-phase compressor is the special power supply. Most home garages and small businesses have ordinary single-phase power that is received from the electric company and pulses through each wall outlet. Larger companies tend to run three-phase power, especially if they run other three-phase machines such as welders and generators. A home hobbyist or small business should have three-phase power circuits installed in the work room to operate this type of compressor.
The main advantage of a three-phase compressor is durability. The constant power supply to the compressor motor ensures that the mechanism remains in a stable state; the motor does not need to cycle on and off as it does with single-phase power. As a result, engine life is significantly improved. Furthermore, less current flows in the three electrical windings; this low current flow preserves the operation of the windings to prevent premature failure and costly repairs.
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