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GIS software uses address data that is geocoded with latitude and longitude coordinates to enable electronic mapping. Address geocoding is used in various fields such as human services, crime mapping, academic research, emergency response, and daily life to provide accurate information about locations.
A geographic information system (GIS) is a software program that enables electronic mapping in automobiles and computing devices. GIS depends on address data to present information to system users. Address geocoding is the process of marking addresses with latitude and longitude coordinates. This information is then mapped by satellites and used as coordinates and directions of GIS devices.
GIS data is typically collected manually from geocoded acquisition devices. These devices are used in address geocoding. To accurately capture this information, an individual must take a satellite GIS system and map the latitude and longitude of each collected address. This information is then stored in a GIS data repository where it can later be used by geospatial applications.
Many human service organizations use address geocoding as a method of mapping third world countries, for use in tracking refugee camps and for disease control. These groups are able to track specific addresses or landmarks with portable geocoding systems. This data provides a holistic view of famine areas to help provide support from relief agencies. Having correct coordinates helps speed up service deployment in areas that lack logical mapping technology.
Address geocoding is also used in crime mapping. Since crime and crime-related data is captured by law enforcement, the address of criminal activity can be mapped based on location. Criminal records typically include location attributes with a specific crime. This address geocoding data is fed into the criminal record system, which allows GIS devices to map locations by crime type.
Many colleges and universities have specialized address geocoding projects. These projects are designed to assist national studies in science fields. Many academic geocoding projects focus on managing fires, earthquakes, and global warming. By having address geocoding, these domains can be managed more accurately.
Address geocoding assists emergency personnel in the event of a natural disaster. This data provides emergency response crews with accurate information about homes and critical infrastructure locations during an earthquake or natural disaster. It can be fed into real-time data viewing software to accurately determine casualties in an affected area. Additionally, roads can be mapped to determine the quickest route to an area.
Geocoding is becoming an important factor in daily life. Most of the geocoding is mapped to specific types of businesses. This provides GIS users with critical information about healthcare facilities, police departments and emergency teams within a local jurisdiction. Geocoding is included in most smartphones as a way to search for businesses by type.
