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Teaching models include face-to-face instruction, lectures, cooperative learning, inquiry-based learning, seminar and project-based learning. Effective teachers integrate different methods depending on students’ needs and learning styles. Direct instruction involves teacher-led lectures, guided exercises and independent practice. Lecture method involves verbal presentation with little interaction. Cooperative learning involves teamwork to solve problems. Inquiry-based learning involves presenting a problem for students to solve using previous knowledge. Socratic inquiry or seminar method involves analyzing and evaluating common texts through higher-level thinking questions.
While there are many teaching models, some basic ones are face-to-face instruction, lectures, cooperative learning, inquiry-based learning, seminar and project-based learning. Teaching models are teaching methods or underlying philosophies that guide teaching methods. Effective teachers will integrate different teaching models and methods depending on the students they are teaching and those students’ needs and learning styles.
A teaching model is referred to as direct instruction. In directed instruction, the teacher is the person in charge of presenting the objectives and information of the lesson to the students through a lecture or a multimedia presentation. After presenting the material, the teacher will give the students guided exercises so that they can work with the teacher’s help. Next, the teacher will give the students independent practice of the lesson objectives, which could be homework or a classroom activity. Finally, the teacher will test the students to see that they have mastered the lesson objectives.
Another teaching method is the lecture, often used in university classrooms. In the lesson method, the educator presents information and examples verbally, sometimes together with a visual presentation. There isn’t necessarily much interaction with students. There is also typically not much emphasis on practice and practical use of information, except when the student has to recite information on a test.
Cooperative learning is another method that is sometimes used. With this teaching model, students work in a team environment where each member has a different task or role. All students must work together to find the answer or to create the product or project that is required of them. Often, after all groups have finished, each group will be asked to present their results in front of the other groups and the teacher. This method works well in all subject areas.
Inquiry-based learning is a teaching model that works especially well in math and science lessons. In inquiry-based learning, the teacher presents a problem or puzzle for students to solve based on previous information they have learned. In this method, which can be used with individual students or with students working in groups, students create a hypothesis using the data they have been provided. Then they gather relevant information and draw their own conclusions, which they could present to the class. This teaching method presents students with authentic and engaging assignments that are highly motivating.
Another teaching method is referred to as the Socratic inquiry or seminar method. After all students have read a common text, the teacher uses questions to get students to analyse, evaluate and summarize the material, as well as their own beliefs and thoughts related to it. Teaching models like this are based on higher-level thinking questions, used to stimulate students’ thinking. The teacher does not act as the main presenter of the material, although she does ask questions and has students back up their answers. Students can also ask themselves questions for clarification in the seminar method.
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