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The nervous system can become damaged due to illness, accident, physical defect or malformation. Some well-known nervous system diseases include Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Tourette’s syndrome, and multiple sclerosis. Some diseases develop in fetuses during pregnancy or in newborns soon after birth, while others are associated with adults. Other well-known nervous system diseases include meningitis, sciatica, and epilepsy.
The nervous system is a collection of nerve fibers and cells that transmit impulses between different areas of the body. Sometimes, this complex system can become damaged due to illness, accident, physical defect or malformation. Some of the more well-known nervous system diseases include Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, Tourette’s syndrome, and multiple sclerosis (MS). Many of these conditions differ in how they affect the nervous system, and symptoms and severity can vary from person to person.
Although nervous system diseases can occur at any time for a variety of reasons, some develop in fetuses during pregnancy or in newborns soon after birth. For example, cerebral palsy, a condition that typically impairs certain functions such as muscle coordination, is thought to be caused by damage to the brain that occurs before birth. Congenital hydrocephalus, which is an abnormal flow of cerebrospinal fluid that develops around the time of birth, is another example. This particular condition can occur due to a variety of reasons, including brain hemorrhages, infections, certain birth defects, or developmental malformations of the nervous system.
Certain diseases of the nervous system are regularly associated with adults. These conditions include motor neuron disease, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson’s disease. Motor neuron disease is a collection of neurological disorders that progressively damage motor neurons, often leading to problems with speech, breathing and movement. MS is a chronic inflammatory condition that can cause damage to the sheaths that defend nerve cells in the spine and brain. Parkinson’s disease is a progressive condition that affects the production of dopamine by certain nerve cells, which can ultimately lead to tremors and a disruption in physical movement and speech.
Other well known nervous system diseases include meningitis, sciatica and epilepsy. Meningitis is inflammation of the membranes, or meninges, that cover the spinal cord and brain and is usually caused by a viral or bacterial infection. Sciatica is severe pain that may be felt in the outer leg, hip or back and is due to compression of a spinal nerve root. Epilepsy is a name used to describe a group of conditions that can cause a disturbance of electrical signaling in the brain. These disturbances can be caused by a number of triggers, including alcohol or nicotine use, repetitive or loud noises, or flickering images.
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