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Deep well drilling involves drilling onshore to a depth of 1 mile or more and offshore to a depth of 5 miles or more for natural gas, oil, or water. The process involves specialized drill bits and pipes, directional drilling, and surveys to confirm contractual limits. The depth of each well depends on the natural resource being extracted.
Deep well drilling is the drilling of a well onshore to a depth of 1 mile or more and offshore to a depth of 5 miles or more. These deep wells are drilled to these depths predominantly for natural gas or oil; however, the well could be drilled to reach water. The process for drilling a well to such depths is highly technical and can include directional drilling to reach deposits of natural resources without disturbing existing surface utilization.
To reach the natural resource, a well is drilled by making a hole in the ground to extract the water, natural gas or oil from the underground reservoir. For each particular underground reservoir, the drilling company selects the method by which the well will be created and the natural resources that will be exploited. Deep well drilling uses specialized drill bits and pipes to reach the underground deposit.
Geologists and engineers work together to plan how they will complete the deep well drilling to reach the underground resource. Sometimes the drilling company has permission to access the natural resource from one location, but the resource is not directly below the drilling location. In these cases, the drilling company must use directional drilling techniques to reach the deposit. To reach the deep deposits, the drilling company uses a combination of deep vertical drilling and directional drilling techniques.
The process of drilling deep wells can be time consuming, due to measurements and surveys being completed as the bit and drill pipe descend into the ground. These measurements and surveys help the drilling company follow the planned drilling process and confirm that the drilling company is within contractual limits. The drilling company generally prefers to drill vertically as long as possible rather than directional because maintaining a vertical well is much easier than a directional well.
Due to the combination of vertical and directional drilling in the deep well drilling process, in order to reach a certain deposit, the length of the drill shaft far exceeds the depth of the well. The depth of each well depends on the natural resource the drilling company is trying to reach and the methods by which it will extract the natural resource. Natural gas wells that use large amounts of water to extract the gas are drilled to a depth of about 1 mile. Oil wells can be drilled 5 miles or more below the surface.
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