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Modern philosophy emphasizes individual reasoning and direct experiences over established doctrines. It is distinct from modernism, which is associated with artistic styles. Early modern philosophy is Western-centric, but later principles consider society and human nature. Rationalism emphasizes mathematical thinking, while empiricism stresses experimentation. Marxism connects innate human tendencies to society building, and analytic philosophy analyzes language in reasoning.
Modern philosophy is a discipline which focuses on the study and application of a certain method of thinking which is markedly different from previous types of philosophy. This branch of philosophy was first developed during the 17th century and continued to be popular until the early 20th, when postmodernism began to overtake it. The most important theme of modern philosophy is how people can gather and confirm knowledge through their own direct experiences and logic instead of automatically accepting established doctrines. Several well-known scholars have published extensively on the principles of this philosophy as they apply to different areas of life.
Some newcomers to the study of modern philosophy sometimes believe that it is the same as modernism, although the two realms of thought are actually separate from each other. Reason and inner thought processes form a large part of the purpose behind this type of contemporary philosophy. Modernism, on the other hand, is generally seen as a cultural opposite to the more conservative ideas of realism and is often more closely associated with certain artistic styles and other aesthetic principles.
Because of its emphasis on the individual and his development of the ability to reason, early modern philosophy often appears to be a distinctly Western philosophy. Only the later principles carry ideas about how the individual fits into a larger society and how human nature affects the structure of that society. To better understand the evolution of this type of moral philosophy, students who seriously study its history often divide it into several major idea movements such as rationalism, empiricism, Marxism, and analytic philosophy.
Rationalism is a specific section of early modern philosophy that emphasizes the importance of linear and mathematical thinking; its scholars try to pick up where certain principles of modern science leave off. Established practices of deductive reasoning also have their roots in rationalism. Empiricism was mostly developed as a rationalist counterargument outlining the need for experimentation and observation to arrive at established truths.
Later branches of modern philosophy, such as Marxism, typically work to draw connections between innate human tendencies and the need for groups of people to work to build a stable society. Analytic philosophy adds the analysis of language to the ideas of logic that began with rationalism and empiricism; its underlying principle states that the linguistic elements of reasoning are just as important as the conclusions that result from the reasoning process.
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