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Automobile engines vary in composition based on expected performance. Cylinders, pistons, intake and exhaust valves, combustion chamber, spark plugs, and exhaust manifold are basic components. The engine converts fuel into energy using a common four-stroke cycle.
The composition of an automobile engine varies according to the expected performance. For example, a larger number of cylinders are required for more power and highly tuned parts are required to withstand higher heat for higher speed. A car engine made for a truck or SUV requires more power than an engine made for use in a small car or minivan.
Inside a car engine, you will find cylinders. Inside each cylinder is a piston. The piston cycles up and down opening and closing the intake valve. In small engines, there is often only one cylinder, while in larger equipment or vehicles, there can be many more. The range for a common automobile engine is from four cylinders to eight cylinders, with six cylinders being a commonly used construction. When you hear someone say a car is a V6 or a “six-stroke,” that means it’s a six-cylinder engine.
As the piston moves downward, fuel and air combine and are drawn into the combustion chamber through the intake valves. When the piston changes course, the valve closes. This leads to an increase in the temperature and pressure of the fuel-air mixture. Piston rings create a seal between the piston and the cylinder, which helps prevent the fuel-air mixture from leaking.
Then another part takes its turn. The spark plugs emit a spark, which in turn causes the fuel-air mixture to ignite. The heat generated by this process causes the mixture to expand, which pushes the piston down, generating power. Now the piston should continue its cycle, going back up.
During the upward movement, the exhaust valve instead of the intake valve will open, releasing air and fuel that has not been burned. This mixture will work its way through the engine, into the manifold, and eventually be expelled through the exhaust pipe. This process is repeated as long as the car’s engine is running.
The cylinder, piston, piston rings, intake valve(s), combustion chamber, spark plugs, exhaust valve, and exhaust manifold are basic components. The car’s engine, while innovative and useful, is based on simple parts and processes that work together, essentially to convert fuel into energy. What is being described here is the way a car engine works with a common four-stroke cycle.
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