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Chilblains are red to purple bumps on the skin of extremities caused by constriction of blood vessels due to exposure to cold. They are more common among women, children, and the elderly. Keeping extremities warm with gloves and warm footwear can prevent the condition. Chilblains are not common in extremely cold climates but are prevalent in areas with occasional cold spells or where people cannot afford warm clothing. People with poor circulation, poor diet, bone marrow disorders, or a family history of chilblains are at risk. Chilblains are treated with corticosteroid cream, and infected chilblains require oral antibiotics. Prevention includes staying warm on cold days, using sunscreen, and keeping homes heated.
Chilblains, also called pernio, are red to purple bumps that appear on the skin of the extremities, usually the hands and feet, after exposure to cold. They are more common among women, children and the elderly and are the result of constriction of blood vessels supplying the extremities.
You might think that chilblains occur under the same conditions as freezing, which is around 5 degrees F (-15 C). In reality, the damage from chilblains is not permanent and can occur in the hottest periods. Keeping the extremities warm by wearing gloves and warm footwear tends to prevent the condition. Chilblains are actually not that common in extremely cold climates because people tend to be prepared to face the cold in warm clothing. Areas that have occasional cold spells usually have a higher incidence of chilblains. Additionally, areas where people cannot afford warm clothing have a higher prevalence of the condition.
There are some factors that make you more predisposed to contracting chilblains. People with poor circulation from smoking or conditions like lupus may be more susceptible. Poor diet, bone marrow disorders, or a family history of chilblains can also put another at risk. Those with diabetes may be especially prone to chilblains and should always see a doctor about chilblains on their feet.
Although chilblains most commonly occur on the hands and feet, people can also get them on the lower legs and thighs and on the nose or ears. Kids can put them on their wrists. The bumps can be itchy or very tender to the touch. More severe cases may also have blisters on the skin, resembling a second- or third-degree burn. Bumps and blisters tend to clear up in a week or two.
Chilblains are usually treated with corticosteroid cream to reduce itching. However, they can get infected, so many dermatologists also recommend using an antibiotic cream. Sometimes infected chilblains require oral antibiotics. Symptoms of infection include red streaks from chilblains, a feeling of warmth and pressure at the site of the chilblain, and signs of pus or a foul odor.
The best way to prevent chilblains is to stay warm on cold days. Consider gloves or mittens, airtight shoes, warm socks, scarves, and hats. Keep homes heated as chilblains can occur both indoors and out. Using sunscreen, even on cloudy days, can also help prevent chilblains.
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