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Land scarcity can be caused by population pressure, social inequality, environmental issues, and market perception. Changes in land use, dietary changes, and migration also contribute. Policy makers must balance conservation and population needs.
Land scarcity can be caused by factors such as population pressure, social inequality, and environmental issues. It is also possible for a market to create the perception that available land is scarce when this is actually not the case, which can contribute to the inflation of a housing bubble. People concerned about land availability could attempt to buy at any price, driving up prices and creating speculative inflation. Analyzing situations where land appears to be scarce may include an exploration of several potential factors to determine what can be done to address the problem.
Population pressures are a concern. An increasing number of people need more land to live on and support agriculture to feed them. Human populations can also migrate, which can contribute to land scarcity. Refugees may be driven from traditional lands, for example, by requiring reintegration, but there may be nowhere for them to settle as a group. This can create voltages that have more to do with earth distribution than the actual amount of earth available.
Changes in how people use land can also increase land scarcity. Suburban dwellers might expect larger and more remote lots, for example, that spill into previously unused land. Agricultural techniques can change over time, increasing land scarcity and requiring more land for agricultural activities. Dietary changes can also play a role; if more people demand meat, for example, more land will need to be devoted to raising animals, which is less efficient than producing many vegetable and fruit crops.
Another contributor is social inequality. People with limited income and assets may not be able to afford land, especially in a growing economy. In this case, land may be available, but inaccessible to many, creating a feeling of land scarcity. Wealthier people may also hold a disproportionate amount of available land, making it difficult for people with limited resources to acquire real estate.
The environment can also play a role. In many regions, land is protected for agriculture and environmental reserves. This can contribute to land scarcity by cutting off supplies of potentially usable land. This can have social benefits, such as ensuring that countries can produce enough food or preserving natural heritage. Policy makers may need to balance the benefits and risks of these practices to decide how and where to conserve land while taking into account the best interests of the population.
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