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Diamond cutting turns rough diamonds into polished gemstones, increasing their value. Diamond cutters train in apprenticeships and evaluate diamonds for the “Four Cs” that determine price. Modern cutting focuses on brilliance and minimizing waste. The process involves planning, sawing, girdling, polishing, and washing. Only gem-quality diamonds are cut this way.
Diamond cutting is the practice of converting a rough diamond into one or more faceted and polished gemstones. When performed by an experienced professional, diamond cutting greatly increases the value of the stone, especially in the case of large diamonds, but it is also easy to make a mistake that could completely ruin the diamond. Diamond cutters traditionally train in apprenticeships, learning from master diamond cutters who are often family members.
Diamond specialists are sometimes referred to as diamonds. A diamond can be a diamond cutter or a dealer. Either way, he or she knows everything there is to know about diamonds. A diamond can look at a rough diamond and see the potential in the stone, and can evaluate a cut and polished diamond for color, cut, clarity and carat, looking for the famous “Four Cs” that determine the price a diamond can fetch in the market.
People have been mining, cutting and polishing diamonds for thousands of years. Historically, the focus has been on maintaining high carat weight, sometimes at the expense of brilliance. Old-fashioned cuts can be large with minimal waste, but can produce dull stones. Modern diamond cutting seeks to minimize waste, but is also focused on creating a stone that is brilliant and brilliant, and sometimes this requires cutting 60% or more of the rough.
The diamond cutting process begins with planning. For small stones, planning usually involves checking the stone for obvious flaws and selecting a cut that best suits the shape. For larger stones and so-called fancy diamonds, the planning process is more complex. In the case of fancy diamonds, color retention is an important aspect of the cutting process. Thinking about the stone’s flaws is also key, as is developing a cut that will reflect light to create the brilliance associated with diamonds. Some stones require custom, rather than generic, cuts, and a great deal of math is involved in the design stages.
Next, the stone is sawn or cut along an existing flaw to cut it into a rough shape. Sometimes, a large stone is broken into several pieces to be cut and polished separately, while in other cases large pieces of rough are removed during this stage. Next, the diamond is bruised or girdled, a process in which the stone is rubbed against another diamond to develop a facet. This process can develop friction and high heat, so the stones can be cooled during the girdling process to prevent breakage. After the girdle, the diamond can be polished, washed and sold.
This delicate diamond cutting process is only used for gem-quality diamonds, as industrial diamonds do not need to be prepared as carefully. Some diamond cutters handle stones other than diamonds, such as emeralds and rubies, while others focus solely on diamond processing.
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