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Diaphragmatic paralysis is the loss of function of the diaphragm, which can cause breathing difficulties. It can be caused by cancer, spinal injuries, or have no medical explanation. Treatment depends on the severity and underlying cause, and may include surgery or the use of a ventilator. Chronic paralysis can compromise overall health.
Diaphragmatic paralysis is a condition in which the diaphragm, the primary organ used for breathing, loses its ability to function properly. Depending on the amount of stillness, breathing can become labored and severely impaired. In severe cases, respiratory function may stop or stop.
Located in the trunk just below the ribs, the diaphragm is a curved layer of muscle that separates the chest and stomach. Its main function is to allow the lungs to contract and expand as air is drawn into the body. The diaphragm also aids in the removal of waste products and the prevention of acid reflux.
The most common cause of diaphragmatic paralysis is cancer, especially of the lungs. Certain health conditions, such as shingles and degeneration or injury of the spinal bones in the neck area, can also trigger total or partial immobility of this muscle grouping. Sometimes there is no medical explanation for paralysis.
The diaphragm may demonstrate inability to move in only one section of its muscles. Referred to as unilateral paralysis, this health condition can present with mild symptoms such as shortness of breath with physical exertion or when lying down, a condition called orthopnea. Dyspnea or difficulty breathing may be present with bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis. When the entire diaphragm is involved, associated symptoms, such as headaches, insomnia, and fatigue, may also accompany breathing problems.
Treatment of diaphragmatic paralysis depends on its symptoms, areas of involvement, and underlying cause. In mild to moderate cases of unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis, a surgical procedure called a plication may be attempted. Plication is a technique in which folds or creases are sewn into the musculature. This helps reduce the effort needed to breathe.
If breathing is labored or severely impaired, the use of a ventilator or breathing assist machine may be necessary to ensure that adequate oxygen reaches the different organs and systems of the body. When serious breathing problems are long-standing or occur frequently, a tracheostomy may be needed. This is a procedure in which a hole is made in the neck area so that breathing can take place through the throat or windpipe.
Another surgical procedure used to treat bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis is diaphragmatic pacing. In this procedure, a device called a pacemaker is inserted into your chest. The pacemaker then stimulates the diaphragm muscles to contract by producing a small electrical charge.
General health can be compromised with chronic diaphragmatic paralysis. It is important to treat the cause along with the breathing difficulties. This ensures that the rest of the body gets enough oxygen to function properly.
