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Frictional force occurs when two surfaces make contact, resulting in resistance. There are two types: static and kinetic. Factors affecting friction include texture and pressure. Lubricants can reduce friction, but it can also generate heat and be dangerous. Friction can be helpful, such as in brakes and shoes.
Frictional force refers to the result of the surface of one object making contact with the surface of another object. When this happens there is generally a certain amount of resistance, known as friction. Objects are constantly coming into contact with other objects, which means that this force is a fairly common part of daily life.
This type of force can generally be divided into two groups. Static friction results from two objects not moving next to each other. This principle explains why an object may not slide even if it is on a slope. Kinetic friction occurs when two objects move against each other. It can explain the relationship between a swimmer and the water in which he moves.
The amount of frictional force that results from contact is affected by a number of factors. The texture of the objects plays a large role in the resulting friction. When two smooth objects, such as hands, are rubbed together, there is minimal friction, but when two rough objects, such as hard rocks, are rubbed together, there is typically a noticeable increase in resistance.
The amount of pressure that is forcing two objects together will also have an impact. If a piece of paper is placed on a table and the wind blows, a small amount of force will result. In the same scenario, if a pen is placed on top of the paper, the resistance will increase because the pen presses the paper to the table.
Frictional force can be reduced by using a range of lubricants, such as oil or grease, as they tend to make contact smoother. Examples can be found in manufactured products, such as vehicle engines, where the oil allows the parts to function effectively. Nature also provides examples: A human’s joints are lubricated with synovial fluid which allows for comfortable mobility.
In some cases, this force is not only undesirable but also dangerous. When two rough surfaces are rubbed together, heat is usually generated. If this occurs in close proximity to something flammable, the result could be a fire or explosion.
There are many other instances where friction is helpful, and products are designed to encourage it. Brakes and tires are prime examples, and these vehicle parts intentionally apply frictional force to make transportation safer and more controllable. Even the soles of shoes are often made to take advantage of this principle, or walking on certain surfaces could become quite a challenge.
