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Integrated circuit engineering involves designing semiconductor chips with built-in transistors and complex wiring for electronic equipment. It includes physical and chemical processes, chip design, and nanoscale considerations. Education programs are available through universities and industry collaborations.
Integrated circuit engineering is the design of semiconductor chips used in electronic equipment. These chips include a large number of built-in transistors with complex fine wiring to connect them. Their complexity generally increases over time, allowing for the development of more advanced electronic equipment at lower cost. Engineers working on such systems can be involved in different stages of the process and can work in universities, government agencies or private companies interested in chips.
Part of integrated circuit engineering involves physical and chemical processes. Engineers who focus on this area of the field look at how to physically build chips and how to improve existing manufacturing methods. They consider new materials, environmental controls to limit contamination, and ways to assemble components for efficiency. Some are looking specifically at green concerns and ways to develop chips and related products with a lower environmental cost.
Another aspect of the field is the actual chip design. Transistors and associated wiring must be arranged in logic circuits, which requires an understanding of electronics and chip design. Integrated circuit engineering may require familiarity with the types of systems in which the equipment is likely to be used, to ensure that the chips are arranged appropriately. Designers can also think of new ways to add transistors to chips in an effort to improve their performance and meet the demand for chips capable of more complex tasks.
Computers, cell phones, and many other electronic systems have integrated circuits inside them. These circuits are increasingly smaller and more powerful, requiring integrated circuit engineering to consider nanoscale design needs. The array of transistors and wiring may be too small to see with the naked eye or at low magnification, requiring work with microscopes and other advanced tools to lay out and test the chips. Developments in the field are also forcing integrated circuit engineers to keep up with ongoing research and professional development opportunities in order to serve their employers most effectively.
Integrated circuit engineering education programs are available through colleges and universities, especially those with electrical and computer engineering programs. Some incorporate a mixture of academics and people working in industry to provide students with insight into the current state of the field and anticipated future developments. This can help people develop well-rounded skills they can apply in the workplace after graduation when they start designing chips or participate in the development of new processes for manufacturing.
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