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Senior judges in the US are retired judges who still perform some court service and receive full pay. They can reduce their caseload by up to three-quarters and have clerks to assist them. They become eligible for senior justice status at age 65 and after 15 years of service. The system has been questioned for its constitutionality, but it helps alleviate the backlog of cases in heavily trafficked districts. Supreme Court justices usually retire completely instead of assuming a senior justice position.
In the United States, a senior judge is a judge in the federal or sometimes state judicial system who is officially retired but still performs some court service. Senior judges carry a caseload, although it is much smaller than that of currently serving judges, and also perform court-related administrative duties. In return, they receive full pay. Judges can also choose to retire completely, receiving retirement benefits and not doing any court service.
A judge becomes eligible for senior justice status at age 65 and after completing at least 15 years of service to the court. As judges age, the service requirement decreases for each year of age, a policy known as the “80 rule” because the judge’s combined age and service requirement add up to 80. A 71-year-old judge, for example, they must have completed nine years of service to become a senior judge.
Senior judges can reduce their caseload by up to three-quarters, bringing the number of cases an active, active judge would normally have to handle in three months. Many have clerks and other office personnel to assist them. The judge’s position on the court is officially vacant and a substitute may be appointed, allowing the court to substitute for a full-time judge. If the senior judge decides to retire fully after a period of semi-retirement, the judge will be entitled to retirement benefits and will not serve in court.
Many federal and state courts across the United States are struggling with a large backlog of cases, especially in heavily trafficked districts. Enabling people with extensive judicial experience to enter semi-retirement when they’re ready to quit full-time work helps take this burden off. Senior judges can take on cases to help clarify the court schedule faster while also lending their experience to the court. If all highly experienced justices stepped off the bench entirely when they retire, there would be more delays in the system as replacements were appointed and the court struggled to balance a busy schedule.
The system that allows people to serve as senior judges has been questioned by some people. The constitutionality of senior judge status is up for debate, and some critics suggest that further clarification is needed on this unique role in the legal system, and that perhaps judges should not be allowed to resign to semi-retirement status when they are no longer employed at full time. For Supreme Court justices, a decision is usually made to retire completely, rather than assume a senior justice position.
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