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Nunc pro tunc is a Latin phrase meaning “now for then” used when a court authorizes a change of legal record after the fact to correct a mistake. It can be used to backdate a document or change it if it is incorrect. The court must prove an error occurred, and the change must conform to actual events. It ensures that mistakes do not result in injustice.
Nunc pro tunc is a Latin phrase that translates as “now for then.” It is used to refer to situations where a court authorizes a change of legal record after the fact in order to correct a mistake. Nunc pro tunc orders can only be used when it is proven that the court has created an error that could interfere with justice. This is designed to ensure that people do not retroactively change court orders and records whenever they choose.
In a classic example of how a nunc pro tunc order might be used, a court clerk might forget to properly file a divorce decree. This could be discovered after the fact, and a judge could order the writ filed and backdated so that the writ is effective on the date it should have been. In this case, the clerk made a mistake that could prove problematic for a variety of reasons, ranging from potential conflict between the parties over the division of assets to concerns that a remarriage could be considered bigamous. Therefore, the court grants permission to backdate the record.
A nunc pro tunc order can also be used to change a court document if the record is incorrect. For example, if a trial record fails to record the verdict or the wrong verdict is entered, it can be changed with a nunc pro tunc order. There are a number of situations where errors could occur, ranging from responses not being stored when they are received, to accidental compilation errors or inaccurate reporting. The ability to change things after the event with court permission is designed to ensure that such incidents do not result in injustice.
For a nunc pro tunc judgment to be justified, it must be clearly demonstrated that there is an error in the record and that the court must correct it. People cannot alter past court rulings to create injustice, and the alteration must conform to the actual events that occurred in the court. For example, someone cannot retroactively change a child custody decision to grant custody to Parent B if the court proceeding clearly states that custody should be awarded to Parent A.
Mistakes happen. There are measures such as being able to apply for a nunc pro tunc judgment so that people can correct mistakes without having to take a case to court.
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