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Extrusion machines create long, rod-like finished products from raw materials like aluminum or plastic. Choosing the best machine depends on the material, frequency of use, and project type. Hot and cold extrusion processes are available, as well as direct and indirect machines. Budgeting for the purchase, considering electrical requirements, and installation costs are important factors to consider.
An extrusion machine is commonly used in manufacturing settings to create parts by taking a raw material or blank such as aluminum or plastic and drawing it through the machine to create a long, rod-like finished product. Aluminum baseball bats, for example, are often extruded. To choose the best extrusion machine, you first need to determine what materials you will extrude, how often you will be using the machine, and what types of projects you will be attempting. If, for example, you plan to extrude aluminum on a daily basis, you’ll need a different machine than if you plan to extrude plastic once a month.
There are two general extrusion processes: hot extrusion, in which the material is heated until it is somewhat malleable, and cold extrusion, in which the extrusion machine presses the material at or near room temperature. Some materials are better suited for hot extrusion than others; most metals and plastics will be hot extruded to facilitate production. Cold extrusion can be done on some metals such as aluminum, titanium and tin. The advantage of cold extrusion is higher strength as well as a lack of oxidation and very tight tolerances. Hot extrusion tends to be easier on the equipment, although more maintenance of the extrusion machine will be required.
You will also need to decide between a direct and an indirect extrusion machine. Direct extrusion machines are more common; they are generally arranged horizontally and the blank is loaded into the machine with a press positioned behind it. The press will then push the blank forward to make contact with the die. This type of machine requires exceptional strength to operate, but tends to be very versatile. Indirect extrusion machines are faster and create less friction, but are limited in their production capabilities. If higher production speeds are valued, an indirect extrusion machine may be best.
Be prepared to spend a significant amount of money on either type of extrusion machine. It is best to budget for the purchase, bearing in mind that molds can significantly increase the cost of the machine. Also think carefully about where the machine will be stored and used. It is best to determine the electrical requirements in advance to ensure that the work area can support the size of the machine, electrical requirements and safety considerations. Installing the machine will also add to your costs, especially if you need to hire professionals to deliver and install the unit.
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