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Core loss is a change in magnetization that reduces energy conversion and efficiency in transformers or induction equipment. Hysteresis and eddy current loss are two common types. Core leaks can be repaired by stabilizing the magnetic field or using less conductive materials. Test equipment can identify the source of the leak, minimizing energy loss and equipment damage.
Also known as loss of iron or loss of excitation, core loss is a situation where there is a change in the magnetization of the materials that make up the core in a transformer or some type of induction equipment. This change has a negative effect on the rate of energy conversion that normally occurs, creating a loss of energy and efficiency. Fortunately, core leaks can be isolated and repaired, allowing you to restore full core efficiency.
A core leak occurs when the stability of the magnetic field within the core changes in some way. The result is some type of current leakage that can eventually damage the core unless the magnetic field is stabilized. There are actually two common types of core losses that can occur, depending on the reasons behind the magnetic field instability.
An example of core loss is known as hysteresis loss. In this scenario, components in the core material contract and expand in such a way that the energy flow is dissipated. When this type of dissipation occurs, energy is converted into heat. The energy loss will increase as the equipment continues to perform additional cycles and the magnetic field becomes increasingly unbalanced.
A second form of core loss is known as eddy current loss. Here, the core material resists the flow of currents, creating a conversion of energy into heat. This effectively reduces the energy flow through an inductor. Laminating the core material can help reduce the potential for this particular type of core loss. Another solution is to use major components constructed of materials that are less conductive and less resistant to the flow of eddy currents.
Fortunately, there are ways to determine the source of a major leak and take action to correct the situation. The test equipment can be used to periodically verify core performance, as well as identify the underlying cause of the disruption in the magnetic field. Early identification of the presence of a transformer core leak not only minimizes energy loss, but also helps minimize core wear. This in turn means less money is spent to compensate for lost energy and minimizes the need to frequently replace transformers or induction equipment that has been badly damaged.
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