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Dimensional metrology involves measuring dimensions and distances, developing standardized units and techniques, and creating instruments for precise measurements. It requires maintaining equipment and calibration for accuracy. Researchers in this field are often engineers with strong math and science skills, and work for private companies, standardization organizations, and government agencies.
Dimensional metrology is the measurement of dimensions and distance, together with the study of measurement techniques and the development of new technologies, to increase the accuracy of measurements. Humans have been trying to measure objects and make those measurements as precise as possible for thousands of years, as evidenced by numerous objects in the historical record showing how earlier societies measured and recorded measurements. Several organizations dedicated to measurement and standardization have dimensional metrology divisions.
One aspect of dimensional metrology is the development of standardized units for measurements and specific practices for taking and recording measurements. The metric system, for example, is a standard used in many regions of the world to measure size. Standard techniques and practices are important, especially when it comes to stating measurements on technical documents. Any reader should know how the measurements were taken so that they can be accurately replicated.
The development of instruments for measurement is another component of dimensional metrology. Measuring devices can include anything from tape measures to levels. Many angles and components of a product can be measured, from threaded screw holes to the angle of curvature on the lid. Dimensional metrology allows for very precise measurements on designs with minimal tolerance for error, such as machined parts that must fit exactly into a system for functionality.
The actual practice of measurement includes not only measuring in a standardized way with the right tools, but also maintaining good conditions for measurement. Maintaining your measuring equipment is important, as is regular calibration to ensure your measurements are accurate. A small margin of error can become large over time, especially on a large project. Manufacturers need to develop high performance measuring instruments along with methods to calibrate them and check the accuracy of the measurements.
Many researchers in the field of dimensional metrology are engineers, specializing in a variety of subtopics. Companies that make measuring instruments may also make tools for collecting and recording other types of data. These can include mass spectrometers for analyzing the chemical composition of products, scales for evaluating weight, and instruments for measuring volume, among many others. Working in this field requires excellent observation skills, a keen attention to detail and the patience to hone projects until they are perfect. Math and science skills are also key, as dimensional metrology relies heavily on advanced scientific formulas and concepts for accuracy. Specialists may work for private companies, organizations that set and maintain standards, and government agencies.
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