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A bottom hole assembly is a set of components located at the bottom of a drill pipe used for drilling operations. It includes a drill bit, collars, and other items such as mud movers. The assembly provides weight for the bit and allows for directional control. Other components such as stabilizers and mud motors can be added for additional power and data gathering.
A bottom hole assembly is a set of components used in various drilling operations. The bottom hole groups are located at the bottom ends of the drill pipe, below the drill pipe. A typical assembly consists of a drill bit, collars, and various other items such as mud movers. One of the main purposes of the bottom hole assemblies is to provide the necessary weight for the bit to pierce whatever substance it is intended to penetrate. The downhole assembly is also responsible for providing the drill operator with the ability to control the direction of a well.
In the type of deep drilling operations commonly used for hydrocarbon exploration and recovery, there are some common designs. These drilling operations typically use drill pipes, which are tubes that transmit both drilling fluid and the torque needed to rotate a drill bit. The top end of a drill string typically has the machinery needed to pump the drilling fluid and a top or kelly drive to provide torque for the drill bit. The tube typically encloses the string underneath, in order to contain the drilling fluid. The lower end of the string consists of the drill bit, collars and other components collectively known as the lower hole assembly.
The main component of a bottom hole group is the drill bit, which a top or kelly drive rotates to penetrate rock formations. Above the drill bit a number of drill collars are typically used to provide tension to the string and the necessary weight for the bit to stay in contact with the formations it is to penetrate. These collars and all other components are usually held together by threaded connections. When it is necessary to join different threads in a bottom hole assembly, components known as subs are used.
A number of other components can also be found in various lower hole groups, above the drill bit. Drill stabilizers are often included to ensure the assembly stays centered, and a downhole or mud motor can provide the drill bit with additional power in some circumstances. Mud motors can also be useful in directional drilling, although additional directional control can be provided by a rotary steer system. You can add other components to a bottom hole assembly if you need to gather certain process information. A Measurement While Drilling (MWD) component can send pressure, temperature, and other types of data to the surface, and some are even capable of taking samples of formations.
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