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Swivel bearings and slewing bearings are used for circular and rocking motion in heavy machinery. They are made of heavy metals and have gears to facilitate movement. Ball bearings ensure smooth motion, but maintenance is required due to constant motion and high temperatures. Excavators use slewing bearings to rotate the base and house independently.
A swivel bearing is a piece of hardware used to facilitate circular motion, usually of a large device such as a crane. The term “spin” means to turn without changing position, so a self-aligning bearing is one that will not move out of place but instead will ease movement while in one position. These bearings are usually quite large and are used for heavy duty applications; they are therefore usually made of heavy metals such as steel, although other materials including aluminum and titanium may also be used in their construction.
The slewing bearing is not mounted on a shaft, but is instead bolted to a flat surface. The gears allow one part of the bearing to move while the other remains in place, thus facilitating movement. The path of movement can vary; sometimes the slewing bearing is used to facilitate the circular motion, while in other cases a rocking motion may be performed. The type of movement depends on the configuration of the fifth wheel and the position of the gears. Gears allow you to drive a platform with a certain motion and the location of the gears will depend on the design of the device.
The profile of the fifth wheel is usually quite thin, allowing the distance between the platforms to be significantly reduced. Ball bearings are present within the bearing race to ensure movement is smooth and constant; these ball bearings may need to be periodically lubricated or greased to prevent premature failure or abnormal ball deformation. Most devices that use these types of bearings are quite large and slow, but the constant motion and high temperatures can alter the shape and function of the bearings over time, necessitating maintenance or repair.
Heavy machinery fixtures often use a swivel bearing between the base of the vehicle and the top of the vehicle, which is sometimes known as a house. An excavator, for example, features a base and a house that rotate independently of each other. This is achieved by using a slewing bearing between the two parts of the vehicle; the outer ring of the bearing will be bolted to the base of the machine, while the inner ring will be bolted to the house. A drive gear can be placed outside or inside the ring to allow a drive unit to turn the house as needed.
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