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Dilute sulfuric acid has less than 10% concentration and is stable, colorless, and odorless. It is a powerful acid used in many industries but can cause severe burns and corrosion. The correct way to dilute it is to add less concentrate to more concentrate. Dilute sulfuric acid acts as a catalyst and produces useful by-products. The process for making soda ash was developed in the 1790s using dilute sulfuric acid. If concentrated too much, no soda ash would be formed.
Dilute sulfuric acid is any sulfuric acid mixture that has a sulfuric acid concentration of less than 10%. Unlike its counterpart, concentrated sulfuric acid, the dilute variety of sulfuric acid isn’t syrupy and is very stable, so it looks dangerously similar to water. It is also colourless, odorless and corrosive.
In chemistry, dilute sulfuric acid is considered 1M sulfuric acid. Molarity (M) is considered the number of moles of a solute per liter of solvent. A mole is a measure of how many atoms or molecules there are.
Water is the most commonly used solvent in making sulfuric acid, and concentrated solute usually comes in the form of concentrated sulfuric acid. Even diluted, sulfuric acid is still a powerful acid, meaning it can dissolve more by adding hydrogen ions to water. It is used in many industries, but can cause severe burns and corrosion of most materials it comes in direct contact with.
The most common occurrence of burn accidents is dilution of the sulfuric acid itself. The correct way is always to add less concentrate to more concentrate. Most of the time, sulfuric acid has to be added to water to get a specific molarity.
Using a large glass allows the heat to be dispersed over a larger volume, but this mixing can actually cause the heat to rise to more than 212° Fahrenheit (100° Celsius). The heat comes from the extra protons of sulfuric acid crashing into the water, forming the hydronium ion.
The chemistry involving dilute sulfuric acid is very different from concentrated sulfuric acid. Like an acid, it acts like a catalyst or helps reactions occur without reacting. This is because it does not dissociate completely, as concentrated sulfuric acid does. By using dilute sulfuric acid in special reactions, some useful by-products are created, whereas concentrated sulfuric acid would not produce these other products. The example of this ignited the revolution that propelled sulfuric acid to its current position as the most widely used chemical in industry.
The process for making soda ash, or soda ash, with dilute sulfuric acid was developed in the 1790s. If concentrated too much, no soda ash would be formed, just baking soda or sodium bicarbonate. At the time, this was not well known because only very dilute sulfuric acid was produced and used in the process.
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