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Network cables carry data from computers to larger networks. There are different types of cables, including twisted pair, coax, Ethernet, and fiber optics, each suited for specific purposes. They are still important despite the rise of wireless networks as servers still require cables.
In general, a network cable is a type of cabling used in telecommunications that carries data from individual computers to a larger network mainframe. Sometimes these cables are external and can be used to do things like connect computers to Internet modems or grounded ports. They can also be part of a larger infrastructure and in these cases are often built into walls along with things like electrical system to provide instant access to internet and cable television services. When it comes to technical specifications there are a number of different varieties, but the most common ones tend to be twisted pair, coax, Ethernet and fiber optics. Not all are interchangeable and each is usually best suited for a specific purpose, so anyone looking to purchase cable or install it for a specific project is usually wise to do a bit of research before making an investment.
Why are they used?
Computer networking may be a complex science, but when it comes to wiring, the goal is clear enough; that is, transfer of information. Information travels from one place to another in a series of “packets” of data, basically bits and bytes of digitally encoded information that is sent from one computer or device to another. In order to promote efficiency and speed, most networks break data into its smallest pieces, the bits and bytes, then send those small pieces individually. Once they reach their destination, they are rearranged. The cable provides the conduit and basically acts as the roadway that those pieces travel on.
Examples of twisted pairs
Unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) cable is used in many home and business Ethernet networks. It has four pairs of wires which are housed within the cable jacket. Each pair is twisted in several further twists to avoid interference from other devices on the network. The structure of this type of cable increases its reliability and helps minimize network failures, and as such is common on networks where there are many users or, alternatively, many computers connected.
Coaxial cables
Coaxial cable, or “coaxial” as it is sometimes known, is another common type of network cable. It has a copper conductor in the center and a plastic jacket acts as an insulator between the center conductor and a metal screen. The coating can be thin or thick; thicker lining is less flexible, but can provide extra protection.
Ethernet cable
Ethernet crossover cable eliminates the need for network switches or routers. The cable also connects computers using their network adapters, such as a network interface card (NIC). People who want to buy a portable network cable to carry around to connect things like laptops to external Internet ports or jacks usually choose this type.
Optic fiber
Fiber optic cables are used for networks that span large distances. Consequently, this type of wiring has several layers of protective coating. It also transmits light as opposed to electrical signals like other cables. This makes it an ideal cable for network environments exposed to large amounts of electrical interference. It also transmits information at high speeds and is therefore used in large network environments such as those used by large companies.
Looking towards a wireless world
Wireless networks and data exchanges have become increasingly popular in many parts of the world, leading some to question the long-term importance of grounded networks and the cables that support them. However, it’s important to realize that while individual computers can connect to servers wirelessly, those servers are still grounded. Home wireless networks, for example, still require a cable connecting the modem to the Internet data source; on a larger scale, the same is true for businesses and corporations. The cables of the future may take on a slightly different shape or form, but they will surely continue to be an important part of the telecommunications landscape.
