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Computers on the internet are assigned unique IP addresses by ISPs. A static IP address remains associated with a single computer, while a dynamic IP address changes from session to session. Static IP addresses are preferred for hosting websites, email servers, and remote access software. They are also useful for online gaming. However, they can be more expensive and less private, as they create a complete profile of browsing habits.
Computers that connect to the Internet are assigned a unique numerical address known as an Internet Protocol (IP) address. This unique address identifies each computer on the Internet so that computers can communicate with each other by sending and receiving information using this addressing scheme. A static IP address is simply a “permanent” address that remains associated with a single computer for an extended period of time. This differs from a dynamic IP address, which is assigned ad hoc at the start of each session, normally changing from session to session.
IP address assignment is handled by a person’s Internet Service Provider (ISP). Each ISP is designated a large block of IP addresses that fall into a specific number range. The ISP server automatically delegates available IP addresses within that range, if needed, to clients accessing the Internet. When a person disables their Internet connection, the temporarily assigned dynamic IP address goes back into the pool for reassignment. Dynamically assigned IP addresses are fine for most people, however, some prefer a static IP address.
In some situations having a static IP address is an advantage. For example, people who play online with remote players often prefer this type of IP address. When they return to a game, the hosting server recognizes them, resetting their score, in-game ranking, and other settings accordingly. A static IP is more reliable than a computer cookie that can be deleted.
Every website also has a static IP address, also known as a URL or Uniform Resource Locator. Without a static address, a website would have no permanent place of residence, forcing surfers to “follow” it on the Internet, rendering bookmarks useless. This brings up the most common reason a person chooses this type of IP address: to host their own website.
With 24/7 broadband access and a static IP, you can create a website and act as a server, hosting it on the internet like any other website. A static IP also allows the owner to host an e-mail server and run other services such as webcasts or forums. While these services are all available from third parties, some people prefer to act as hosts.
A static IP is also preferable if your computer will connect to a virtual private network (VPN) or allow remote access with software such as pcAnywhere or Radmin. Software that provides remote access only needs to be configured once if the remote computer in question has a static IP. If it has a changing address, the user will have to determine the remote IP each time, then reconfigure the software with the new address.
ISPs automatically assign a dynamic IP to clients unless they specifically request a static IP address. Static IP addressing is usually more expensive and some find it less private. Websites log IP numbers as a matter of course, so an immutable address creates a pretty complete profile of your Internet browsing habits, easily gathered and triangulated by data mining companies.
