What’s Logic Programming?

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Logic programming is a type of computer programming in which the programmer must give the computer instructions on how to make decisions using mathematical logic, such as the use of a mathematical algorithm. Computer programs are made up of code that tells the computer what to do. Eventually, however, the computer will come across an instance where it has to make a decision about how to proceed, and without any information on how to do so, it could not complete its current function. Logic programming deals with these types of decisions and provides instructions to the computer so it can make a “logical” decision about how best to respond to a given situation. For logic programming to work, the programmer writing the code must ensure that his statements make sense and are true, thus are logical, and a computer program known as a theorem prover is required to make decisions based on the statements it encounters in the programmer . code.

A theorem prover refers to a computer program that has been designed to solve mathematical statements known as theorems. Theorems are statements that are proven to be true based on previous statements. In logic programming, the theorem prover works together with statements created by the computer programmer to come to conclusions. For example, if the code states that A equals B and B equals C, the theorem prover will make the logical conclusion that A must equal C. This process is different from the programmer who simply tells the computer in code that A equals C because the computer program must draw this conclusion using the theorem prover and the programmer’s original statements in the code.

In theory, for logic programming to work, the programmer just needs to make sure his statements are correct, and the creator of the theorem prover should ensure that the program can read the statements and make the most efficient decisions based on them. The ability to make an efficient decision is referred to as a computer working “logically”. In reality, the two fields of work overlap, and those doing logic programming often have to modify and manipulate code based on how the theorem prover works to get the desired results. Simply entering accurate statements about how to make a certain decision may not be enough for the computer to perform the correct function, and the programmer will have to test their code and make changes accordingly.

For logic programming to work, it also relies on backward reasoning. In backward reasoning, the program reaches conclusions by examining a set of data and working from generally known statements to reach more advanced conclusions. The program can know that two pieces of information are true, and it will infer that since these two pieces of information are true, this means that a third piece of information is also true. Continue this process until you reach a logical conclusion based on the information you provide. Because of the way it works, logic programming is based on a declarative representation language, which means that the program tells the computer what it should do, but leaves it up to the theorem prover to determine the most logical or efficient way to do it. perform the required procedure.

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