Acetone has a density of 0.788 g/mL at room temperature and changes with pressure and temperature. Its specific gravity is approximately 0.788, and it is soluble in water, creating a solution with varying density depending on the concentration of acetone present.
Acetone is an organic chemical compound commonly used in laboratories as a solvent and in commercial products such as nail polish remover. It has a density of approximately 0.788 grams per milliliter (g/mL) at room temperature, 77°F (25°C). Although acetone exists as a liquid at room temperature, it is less dense than water, which has a room temperature density of approximately 1 g/mL.
The density of acetone, as for other substances, is determined by dividing its mass by its volume. A high-density material will have a large amount of mass per volume, while a less dense material will have less mass per volume. For example, a solid steel sphere is denser than an equal sized Styrofoam sphere because, even though the volumes of the spheres are the same, the steel has the greater mass.
The density of acetone is 0.788 g/mL at room temperature, which means that each milliliter of liquid has a mass of 0.788 grams. The density of acetone, like all density measurements, changes with pressure and temperature. Generally, increasing the temperature decreases the density of a material and increasing the pressure increases the density.
The increase in temperature causes the density of acetone to decrease because the increase in thermal energy causes the acetone molecules to become more energized, spreading them apart from each other. The volume of the substance increases, while the mass remains the same. With the density equation, this results in a reduced density: the substance has less mass per unit volume.
Pressure, on the other hand, causes the acetone to increase in density. As the pressure increases, the molecules of the substance move closer to each other. The volume decreases, while the mass remains constant. This results in an increase in mass per unit volume.
The specific gravity of acetone is closely related to the density of acetone. The measure of the specific gravity of a substance is given by the density of a substance at a certain temperature and pressure divided by the density of water at the same temperature and pressure. Since the density of water at room temperature and pressure is approximately 1 g/mL, the density of a substance under these conditions will be very close to its specific gravity. The specific gravity of acetone is therefore approximately 0.788 at room temperature and normal atmospheric pressure.
Normally, a substance that has a specific gravity lower than that of water, less than 1, is buoyant and will float to the surface when placed in water. Substances that have a specific gravity of 1 are neutrally buoyant, while those with a specific gravity greater than 1 will sink. Acetone, however, is soluble in water, so it dissolves, creating an acetone-water solution. The density of an acetone-water solution varies depending on the concentration of acetone present.
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