Actuator controls start, stop, and protect actuators from overload and excessive cycling. Simple manual or automated stop/start systems are used for single function roles, while multifunctional servo systems are used for complex installations. Actuators need to be started and stopped manually or automatically, and actuator controls can be simple or complex. Simple systems can be manually operated or part of an automated system, while complex systems require servo systems that respond to system requests in real-time. All actuator controls include sensors to prevent damage.
Actuator controls are the mechanisms used to start, stop and protect actuators from overload and excessive cycling. Actuators can be controlled in two basic ways: simple manual or automated stop/start systems or more sophisticated multifunctional servo systems. Actuators used to perform simple single function roles will typically use the simple stop/start type of control system. Those used to consistently produce a wide range of actuating motion in response to complex installation requirements will generally be part of a servo system. Most, however, will also include sensors that prevent the actuator from overcycling or operating if the mechanism is jammed or damaged.
A significant number of all mechanical processes include some or other types of actuators. These devices provide remote switching or activation of secondary processes where operator intervention is impractical. While the actuator is capable of doing the job of a human operator, it still needs to be started and stopped manually or automatically in some way. This is the function of the actuator controls, which not only activate and stop the device, but also protect against potential damage caused by excessive cycling and overloading. These actuator controls can consist of very simple stop and start functions or complex multi-dimensional control functionality.
In general, actuators that produce simple functions such as turning a machine function on and off require nothing more than an equally simple on and off control system. These actuator controls can be manually operated by an operator in a control room by pressing a stop or start button, or be part of an automated system. Automated controllers typically consist of an external sensor such as a level switch that starts and stops the actuator. A good example is a fill valve on a water tank. When the water level drops below a set point, the level switch starts the actuator connected to the fill valve, allowing water to flow into the tank until the level switch is reactivated and the valve is closed again.
Complex systems that require constant, real-time adjustment of system parameters require actuator controls that can provide more flexible outputs. In these cases, a servo system is usually employed, which responds to system requests as they occur. This is accomplished by using system feedback inputs which provide the controller with real-time information about its state. It then evaluates the information and activates the actuator to compensate for the demands of the process. Both the simpler and servo actuator control will typically include hardwired sensors to prevent the actuator from operating beyond its limits and continuing to operate if the mechanism jams or becomes damaged.
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