Administrative courts are established by governments or agencies to resolve disputes that are not part of the normal judicial system. They are less formal and have less stringent rules of proof. They are usually created to resolve disputes between individuals and government departments or agencies, and can be permanent or temporary. Administrative judges are usually experts in the relevant issues. The process for filling the court with decision-making individuals varies by jurisdiction.
An administrative court is a person or institution that determines claims or disputes. Courts are set up by governments or government agencies to hear disputes that should not be part of the jurisdiction’s normal judicial system. Each jurisdiction and agency establishes its own courts as appropriate to the jurisdiction or agency, although most courts function in a similar fashion. The word court is used in the description of these decision-making bodies to clarify that they are not part of the courts of normal jurisdiction.
The procedure used in most jurisdictions for an administrative court is more haphazard than that used in normal court systems. Some cases before a court require a party to have legal representation, although most courts do not require legal advice. The rules of proof are not as stringent as those of a normal judicial proceeding. The proceedings themselves are less formal than a court proceeding, but most are completed under oath and recorded for future use.
The reason for creating an administrative tribunal is usually to resolve a dispute between an individual and a government department or agency. These types of complaints could be a complaint about a social program or an immigration appeal. Administrative judges are usually experts on the issues that are determined in the particular court. Using experts helps the court process a large number of decisions in a shorter time and keeps these cases out of the regular court system. Usually, it costs less to deal with a dispute through a court than in the ordinary court system.
These courts can be permanent or can be created to deal with a specific set of issues. After a natural disaster such as a hurricane or flood, it may be necessary for a given jurisdiction to create a new court to deal with cases caused by the natural disaster. Once all the cases created by the natural disaster are completed, the administrative court can be dissolved. Occasionally, international tribunals are formed temporarily to try human rights violations.
The process for filling the court with administrative law judges or other decision-making individuals varies by jurisdiction and administrative court. These courts generally work at a market distance from the government itself and are expected to function on a non-partisan basis. Court decisions may or may not be appealed, based on the regulations that created the court itself.
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