The Age of Discovery, from the 15th to 17th century, was a period of exploration and trade expansion. Scientific and technical advances led to better ships and navigation, and motivations included economic, political, and religious reasons. Many European nations explored the Orient, built trade relations, and formed colonies around the world.
The Age of Discovery, also sometimes called the Age of Exploration, was a period in global history spanning from the 15th to the 17th century. During this era, many European and Asian nations learned much more about the globe, establishing new trade routes, making better maps, and meeting new people. It is considered a very important and fruitful period, especially in European history, although the native peoples interrupted by explorers may disagree.
Several things determined the Age of Discovery in Europe. First were the scientific and technical advances of the Renaissance, a period which also created a demand for unique and unusual trade goods, including spices such as cinnamon, nutmeg and cloves. These advances resulted in much more seaworthy vessels that were able to survive in the Atlantic Ocean. Shipbuilding and navigation advanced by leaps and bounds in the period leading up to, as well as during, the Age of Discovery. Previously, explorers were limited to overland routes and minimal shipping options.
Some of the motivations for exploring the world were probably also political and religious. Some European nations were unhappy with Muslim dominance of trade from the East and wanted to seek alternative routes and trade directly. This desire was probably also economically motivated, since merchants could make greater profits by cutting out the middleman.
During the Age of Discovery, many Europeans explored the Orient by overland routes, such as the Silk Road. They brought back unusual trade goods, increasing the demand for more, and era built trade relations between Europe and Asia. There was also an increasing exchange of information and ideas between East and West which probably enriched many cultures. Many traders also began to question whether overseas routes would be more efficient, and the sailing aspect of the period was born.
Numerous nations built and sailed ships during the Age of Discovery, including England, Spain, Portugal, Italy, France and several Scandinavian countries. In addition to discovering two new continents, North and South America, these nations have also formed colonies around the world. Colony formation would have far-reaching impacts that continue to this day. By forming a colony, a nation could monopolize a certain product and expand its political and social power. Many of these nations were very reluctant to let their colonies go, and many were not returned to native rule until the early 20th century.
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