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Agricultural diversification involves allocating resources such as land, capital, livestock, and equipment to various crops to make more efficient use of them and generate profits. Crop selection is influenced by climate, soil quality, and potential profit, while ancillary factors include government regulations and demand for certain products.
Agricultural diversification is a process that refers to structuring agricultural operations in a way that allows for various uses of resources such as land, capital, livestock, equipment, and other assets. As with most forms of diversification, the idea is to allocate available resources in a way that makes more efficient use of them, while returning the highest level of satisfaction from the firm. Agricultural diversification can occur in virtually any type of agriculture or farming environment, ranging from hobbyists to farms of all sizes.
With agricultural diversification, there is usually a lot of emphasis on what is known as crop diversification. This approach involves allocating certain parcels or parcels of land owned by the farm to certain crops. Crop selection and allotment of land for the cultivation of those crops are generally influenced by the climatic conditions common to the area, the quality of the soil, and the potential of each such crop to generate some kind of profit from sales. By choosing to include several different crops in their agricultural operation planning, owners can rely on the profits of one or more crops to offset any unforeseen losses that may occur with the other crops. As a result, the potential for the farm to generate at least some profit each growing season is enhanced.
In addition to allocating farmland to different types of crops, agricultural diversification also takes into consideration the use of other resources, such as the labor required to grow and harvest various plants each season. The cost and maintenance of equipment is also considered when choosing how to allocate resources for diversified crops, as well as any incidental expenses for supplies such as seeds, fertilizers, soil tests, and other costs that are common with a working farm. Costs related to livestock raised on the farm will also be considered before allocating resources to each of the cash crops.
In addition to the land and crop selection, there are ancillary factors which can exert a certain influence on the process of agricultural diversification. Government regulations and standards will often make a difference in the selection of crops that grow in a given area. Current demand for certain types of agricultural products will also determine decisions about which crops to harvest and in what quantities. This is especially true for commercial farms that focus primarily on selling crops as a commercial operation, but can also impact smaller farms where crop selection has to do with both making a living and the provision of food for families who own and work farms.
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