Allergic reactions to sulfonamide can be life-threatening, with skin reactions being the most common symptom. Respiratory distress, blood cell changes, and organ damage can also occur. Stevens Johnson syndrome is a potentially fatal reaction that requires immediate medical attention.
An allergic reaction to sulfonamide is not a particularly common occurrence, although it can be life threatening in severe cases. Skin reactions are the most commonly reported symptoms of this type of reaction. Additional symptoms of a reaction may include respiratory distress, blood cell changes, or liver and kidney damage. A potentially fatal type of allergic reaction to sulfonamides, known as Stevens Johnson syndrome, requires immediate medical attention to save the patient’s life. Any questions or concerns about potential signs of a sulfa reaction should be discussed with a doctor or other medical professional.
Most people who experience this reaction only have a skin reaction to the drug. These reactions may include a local or widespread rash or hives. Some people may notice increased sensitivity to sunlight while using this drug. These symptoms are usually mild, but more serious complications can develop if the drug is not stopped at the first signs of a skin reaction.
Respiratory distress is another possible sign of a sulfa reaction. These symptoms can mimic those of pneumonia, and those with underlying respiratory conditions such as asthma may notice an increase in symptoms. Life-threatening breathing problems can occur if the drug continues to be taken after these symptoms begin to develop.
Blood tests can reveal changes to various types of blood cells among those with an allergic reaction to sulfonamides. The number of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets can be significantly reduced, leaving the patient vulnerable to damage to the immune system and serious illness from even the mildest infections. Liver or kidney damage can also occur due to an allergy to sulfa drugs. In severe cases, organ transplantation may be necessary to preserve the patient’s life.
Stevens Johnson syndrome is a potentially fatal type of sulfa reaction. Flu-like symptoms are often the first symptom of this condition, followed by blistering and a painful rash. This rash eventually causes the top layer of skin to die off and fall off the body. Additional symptoms may include fever, sore throat, or facial swelling. Any of these symptoms should be treated as a medical emergency, as death can occur within minutes if symptoms become severe.
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