Amniotic band syndrome (ABS) is a rare condition caused by threads in the amniotic sac entangling developing body parts, leading to birth defects. Symptoms vary, and there is no known cause or prevention. ABS is treated with plastic and reconstructive surgery after birth.
Amniotic band syndrome (ABS) is a condition associated with various birth defects. This condition develops when threads in the amniotic sac entangle developing body parts, which can lead to swelling, amputations, and other deformities. The symptoms of this disorder are highly variable, with no two cases being exactly alike. Symptoms of ABS can range from a single isolated symptom to multiple complications. Amniotic band syndrome goes by several names, including constriction band syndrome and Streeter dysplasia.
This can affect any newborn and is generally thought to cause no discomfort to the baby. The cause of the amniotic tear is currently unknown and no preventative measures are available. Amniotic band syndrome is often difficult to detect before birth because the individual strands are difficult to see on an ultrasound. Bands are often detected indirectly due to swelling and constrictions on the fingers and limbs.
The occurrence of this condition is considered accidental and is not hereditary or genetic. This condition is not likely to exist in another pregnancy. Amniotic band syndrome occurs in approximately one in 15,000 births worldwide.
Amniotic band syndrome can come in several forms. It can cause only a slight indentation in one limb, or it can cause the fingers or toes to stick together. Amputations of digits can also occur in ABS.
One of the major health concerns in most cases of amniotic band syndrome is hand and finger function. When the fingers are together, the function of the digits is limited. Function may also be limited by short toes, caused by intrauterine amputations or stunted growth.
Other problems commonly associated with amniotic band syndrome include clubfoot and cleft lip and cleft palate. In about 40-60% of cases, related deviations can also occur. There are usually no internal irregularities of the internal organs in amniotic band syndrome.
Amniotic band syndrome is typically treated after birth, with plastic and reconstructive surgery used to treat the resulting abnormalities. The number, type and type of operations depend on the particular deformity shown in each case. In cases where the fingertips are joined, the first operation is to separate the fingertips so that they can move independently. This surgery is usually performed in the first three to six months of life. After the initial operation, more complicated procedures may be performed depending on the severity.
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