Autonomous agents, including computer programs and robotics, perform functions to achieve goals without direction. Researchers study their potential and capabilities. Agents use reasoning to interact with systems and behave purposefully. Multiple agents can cooperate or act independently. Applications include artificial life, complex robotics, and advanced computer programs. Truly autonomous agents do not require external input and can save time by completing tasks effectively.
An autonomous agent performs functions within an environment to achieve specific goals, without being directed to do so. Some computer programs act as autonomous agents, as do advanced robotics, examples of artificial life, and computer viruses. A number of researchers are carrying out work in this field to develop a deeper understanding of agents and their potential capabilities, as well as applications. Journals and annual conferences provide a medium for people to share information and research findings.
Distinguishing between a standalone agent and computer programs can be difficult. In some cases, an overlap occurs and the lines of the definition can become blurry. Typically, an agent needs to be able to use reasoning to interact with a system. This includes the ability to perceive information, process it and, in some cases, manipulate it. An autonomous agent must also behave in a purposeful way to achieve a particular goal.
An example of an autonomous agent in software might be something like a supply chain management program. The program examines aspects of the supply chain and can engage in activities such as ordering and moving supplies, staff scheduling and requesting trucks. All of these activities facilitate a larger goal of keeping the supply chain moving in an organized way. This differs from an automated system which can react simplistically; perhaps it orders new supplies when a factory starts to run out, for example, in response to a trigger in programming.
Multiple agents can act within a single system and can be cooperative or independent of each other. In robotics, interactions of autonomous agents can be important. They can use sensors to collect visual, sound, and other input from the environment. This information can be coordinated throughout the system to complete tasks such as grasping and manipulating objects. Systems can also learn from their experiences to develop more refined functions and work together to achieve goals.
Applications for this research are particularly important in fields such as artificial life, the development of complex robotics and advanced computer programs. A truly autonomous agent does not require input from an external source such as a programmer or other utility and can perform complex tasks. Automation of this nature can save hours of work, as the program may be able to complete tasks effectively without involving workers. Automated medical billing, for example, generates invoices and documentation without the need for an experienced staff member to handle this task.
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