Choosing a fish cage involves considering design, cost, net and mesh size, weather conditions, predator protection, local laws, and hole size. Fixed and floating cages are cheaper, while submersible cages are more expensive. Mesh should be large enough for water flow but small enough to prevent escapes.
Several factors must be taken into consideration when choosing a fish cage. Often, the most important considerations for most fish farming operations are the design and associated cost of each cage type. The correct type of net and mesh size are also critical in building an aquaculture cage.
For small fisheries, especially those operating in shallow waters, a fixed aquaculture cage is commonly the cheapest option. These cages are usually made of mesh that has been stretched around posts to form an enclosure. The net and poles are often extended a few feet above the waterline to prevent fish from escaping.
Floating cages also consist mostly of netting and are therefore often reasonably priced. This type of aquaculture cage is designed to move with water currents and can withstand most lake and river conditions with minimal wear. These fish cages are often supported by buoy systems and can be extended or reduced in size with relative ease.
The possibility of extreme weather conditions should be considered when choosing an aquaculture cage. High waves and winds can damage cages that rely on buoys and anchor posts. Since these conditions are common in marine aquaculture, fish cages used in the oceans are usually submerged or submersible. These cages are usually the most expensive option because wire frames and wire mesh are usually required.
While the use of netting is largely predetermined by the design of a fish cage, certain conditions warrant the use of an alternative material. In areas where predators may have access to fish, an aquaculture cage may require a wire cage to protect against leaks. The species of fish held can also be considered as some breeds are notorious for their ability to destroy even the toughest nylon nets.
Local laws may also affect the choice of cage material. Some areas have banned the use of wire cages due to possible ecological damage from metal oxidation. Some areas have also banned certain types of nets. In particular, the use of nylon netting that has been treated with chemicals to prevent fish waste from adhering is often illegal.
The size of the holes within the mesh also matters. The spaces should be large enough to allow free flow of water but small enough to prevent escapes. While many fisheries tend to err on the side of caution by choosing smaller nets, many professionals advise against this practice. Offal from larger fish can often become lodged in fine mesh, restricting water flow and, as a result, causing dangerously low oxygen levels.
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