Brain stem tumors are difficult to treat and can cause serious medical problems. Symptoms include facial muscle control problems and weakened muscles. Diagnosis is done with medical imaging studies, and treatment options include radiation therapy and physical therapy.
A brain stem tumor is a tumor found in the brain stem, which is the part of the brain that connects it to the spinal cord. Growths in this area can pose a serious medical threat, due to the fact that the brainstem is critical to healthy function. The prognosis is often very bleak because these tumors are difficult to operate and treat. For this reason, it is very important for people to see a neurologist if they start experiencing neurological symptoms, so that tumors anywhere in the brain can be identified as early as possible.
The brain stem includes the medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain. This portion is the part at the back at the base of the brain, right where the brain and spinal cord intersect. It controls a number of physical functions including breathing, heart rate, muscle movements and a variety of other involuntary activities, such as digestion. Damage to the brainstem can interfere with the function of the brainstem and spinal cord, causing a variety of problems.
Brainstem tumors, also called brainstem gliomas, can arise anywhere in the brainstem. Some early signs may include problems with facial muscle control, such as twitching, crossed eyes, and difficulty chewing and swallowing. A glioma will also lead to weakened muscles and an awkward gait. The patient may feel as if they are losing control of their body, which is actually a very accurate description of what happens when a tumor invades the brainstem.
Medical professionals diagnose these tumors with the use of medical imaging studies which are used to look within the area of concern without invasive surgery. If a patient has symptoms that seem to suggest a brainstem tumor, they may be asked to have an MRI or CT scan. X-rays, spinal taps, and other diagnostic tests can also be used to learn more about the tumor and its location.
Once a cancer is diagnosed, the healthcare professional can discuss treatment options with the patient. Usually, surgical removal of the tumors is not an option, because they are very difficult and often impossible to remove. As a result, radiation therapy in an attempt to shrink the tumor is usually the best choice of treatment. The patient may also be encouraged to use physical therapy to condition his or her body so that as function begins to decline, the patient will be in better control. If the tumor does not respond to radiation, care is primarily palliative, aimed at keeping the patient comfortable.
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