Bromelain and papain are proteolytic enzymes derived from pineapple and papaya plants respectively, used to reduce inflammation, relieve pain, and improve digestion. Over-the-counter supplements are available as the amount of enzymes in the fruits is not high enough. Bromelain is effective in treating inflammation caused by injury or infection, while papain can fight the herpes zoster virus that causes shingles. Both enzymes are generally safe, but people should consult their healthcare provider before taking them.
Bromelain and papain are enzymes that break down proteins. Bromelain is derived from pineapple, while papain comes from papaya plants. Bromelain and papain supplements are generally taken with the intention of reducing inflammation, relieving pain, and improving digestion. Some people take these supplements in an attempt to reduce food allergies and symptoms of autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis.
Proteolytic enzymes is the term used for enzymes that break down proteins. Other forms of enzymes are lipase, which breaks down fat, and amylase, which breaks down carbohydrates. Enzymes are an important part of the digestive system because they improve the absorption of nutrients by the body.
The body produces proteolytic enzymes naturally in the pancreas. People who want to supplement natural levels of proteolytic enzymes can choose over-the-counter bromelain and papain supplements. Another source of over-the-counter proteolytic supplements is chymotrypsin and trypsin, which is derived from cattle.
The amount of bromelain and papain available in pineapples and papayas is not high enough to supplement eating the fruits alone. People wishing to supplement with these enzymes will need to take over-the-counter supplements. Bromelain and papain are available individually packaged or as part of supplement mixes marketed to relieve indigestion and reduce inflammation.
There are varying levels of scientific research determining the effectiveness of each enzyme in treating different health conditions. Bromelain is used as a treatment for inflammation and indigestion. Bromelain is particularly effective in treating inflammation that develops as a result of injury or infection.
Some healthcare providers use a topical ointment containing bromelain as a burn dressing to debride the wound. Topical bromelain also reduces swelling from insect bites and bites. Bromelain can relieve indigestion, heartburn, diarrhea, and upset stomach.
Papain can fight the herpes zoster virus that causes shingles. It can also relieve swelling and pain in the throat. In some cases, papain has been used to treat digestive problems, intestinal worms, and infected wounds, but research is inconclusive on these problems. Some people may experience throat or stomach irritation when taking papain supplements. People with bleeding disorders, who are pregnant or nursing, or who are allergic to figs or kiwi should not take papain.
Bromelain and papain are generally considered safe, although some people experience mild side effects when taking papain. People who choose to supplement with bromelain and papain pills should notify their healthcare provider, along with any other supplements they are taking. This reduces the risks of drug interactions or side effects.
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