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In 2009, 140 US banks failed due to the poor economic climate and pressure on banks, with causes including debt defaults and the collapse of the housing market. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation monitors troubled banks and intervenes when necessary. The credit crisis also contributed, and regional banks were particularly affected. Bank failures were concentrated in high-population states with inflated property values. The economy’s uncertainty led to more bank failures than expected.
In the United States, there were 140 bank failures in 2009, with causes attributed to the poor economic climate and the pressure on banks. Many of these failures were very large and included high-profile financial institutions, but smaller regional banks were also affected. Basically, all bank failures in 2009 resulted in a dramatic drop in capital, making banks unable to meet their obligations. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), which often takes failing banks into receivership and oversees bank failure proceedings, maintains a list of troubled banks and closely monitors these financial institutions in order to be able to intervene when they seem be in financial trouble.
One of the precipitating causes of the financial crisis of the 2000s was the collapse of the housing market. Many banks have been making very large mortgage loans and have started experiencing capital flow problems due to mortgage loan defaults by individuals and businesses. This created a knock-on effect, as mortgage-backed securities also started to fail, throwing investors into panic and the economy as a whole started to be dragged down, leading to unemployment, increasing debt defaults personalities and concerns among members of the general public.
Many of the bank failures in 2009 were caused by widespread debt defaults. The businesses controlled by the banks went bankrupt and the banks were unable to keep up with their reserve requirements. Banks rely on a constant flow of funds in and out through loans, accounts and other financial products. As the flow of funds began to be restricted, the banks were no longer able to meet the legal requirements to remain open, and the FDIC took these institutions into administration, compensated the investors, and oversaw the relocation or closure of the banks.
The credit crisis also contributed. As the availability of capital increased, credit also slowed. Banks were unable to lend to each other, a common practice used to help banks meet reserve requirements, and they were unable to make investments to keep their capital up. Regional banks were particularly hard hit by the credit crunch, as not all were eligible for federal assistance and many failed due to lack of support. Bank failures in 2009 were concentrated in high-population states with highly inflated property values such as Florida and California, illustrating the interconnected nature of real estate and financial holdings in these regions.
Economists have also noted that as banks have failed and the economy has become more uncertain, consumer and investor confidence has faltered. This resulted in more bank failures in 2009 than could have been expected based on the economic situation alone.
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