Hyperplastic polyps are slow-growing masses found in the colon, usually small and noncancerous, caused by poor diet, genetics, and inflammatory diseases. They account for 90% of polyps and can be removed through various procedures.
A hyperplastic polyp is a type of slow-growing mass found in the colon of the body. This abnormal growth is usually small and noncancerous, and several factors can cause it. Poor diet and poor health choices are often the primary factors. Inflammatory diseases and genetic vulnerabilities can also create the conditions for a polyp. As an individual ages, the chance of developing a hyperplastic polyp also grows.
Statistics indicate that a hyperplastic polyp accounts for approximately nine out of ten cases of polyps. The distinguishing characteristics of these mostly benign bumps include a smaller than average size and a rough surface. The latter feature distinguishes the growths as serrated polyps. They may or may not cause rectal bleeding, and bleeding may be the only symptom of the polyp.
Frequent cases of intestinal inflammation can create conditions for the development of hyperplastic polyps. For example, Crohn’s disease refers to chronic intestinal irritation, and ulcerative colitis is a condition in which ulcers or sores form inside the intestines along the lining of the mucous membrane. Both disorders can help in the formation of polyps. Developing polyps from these conditions, however, will likely be accompanied by major symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, and burning sensations. While the exact causes remain a mystery, some researchers theorize that genetics or poor lifestyle habits play a role in these diseases.
Health choices and diet have long been associated with the growth of polyps. Continuous intake of high-fat, low-fiber foods can increase the chance of colon problems, and beef appears to be especially tough on the organ. Additionally, obesity and low levels of exercise, calcium and folic acid impact the gastrointestinal tract. Smoking can also create unfavorable conditions within the colon. Older age will likely exacerbate one of these risk factors, as cases of polyps tend to increase as individuals get older.
Hyperplastic polyps that occur in clusters may result from a genetically inherited disease. This condition is known as hyperplastic polypsis syndrome. Larger polyps and polyp numbers greater than 30 may indicate the syndrome. If an individual has close relatives with similar colon problems, it can serve as a further indicator of the genetic basis. When a polyp can be attributed to genetic causes, the chances of the polyp becoming cancerous increase.
Several procedures can remove or shrink polyps. Colonoscopies, endoscopic mucosal resection, and polypectomies are three such options. Only the most extreme cases should require partial removal of the colon itself, a procedure known as a colonectomy. If the polyps are noninvasive and don’t pose an increased risk, doctors may also take a watch-and-wait approach.
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