Low bone density can be caused by aging, disease, environmental factors, and lifestyle activities. Patients at risk can be identified and preventative measures taken, including exercise, diet, and lifestyle changes. Women, those exposed to radiation, and those with certain medical conditions are at higher risk. Bone density loss can lead to serious fractures and limited mobility.
Low bone density can be associated with aging, disease, environmental factors, and lifestyle activities. Patients at risk of developing low bone density can usually be easily identified, allowing a doctor to recommend some steps that can be taken to prevent bone loss and rebuild bone. These prevention and treatment measures may include gentle exercise, dietary modifications, and some lifestyle changes, depending on why the patient is considered to be at risk.
In women, low estrogen levels can cause a drop in bone density. Young female athletes may be at risk because they are often thin and have low body mass. Older women after menopause are also a concern because their hormone levels change with menopause. Hormonal disorders and high levels of corticosteroids in the body may also be responsible for low bone density, especially in women.
Radiation exposure is another risk factor. This is most commonly a problem for astronauts, as despite the shielding, radiation levels are high when astronauts work in space. Astronauts are routinely evaluated for signs of low bone density and their time in space is rationed to reduce the risks of permanent damage associated with radiation exposure. People who work in environments where radiation is present are also monitored for high radiation exposure.
People who are thin and of white or Asian descent are naturally at risk for low density. Lifestyle causes of low bone density include limited exercise, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption. Diet is also a factor. Eating disorders and malnutrition make it harder for people to build and hold bones. Also, some medications can be involved in a loss of bone density.
As people age, their bones tend to break faster than the body can rebuild them. This process can be accelerated with some types of musculoskeletal disorders. People who experience bone and joint pain, muscle weakness, and fatigue may need to be evaluated for a medical condition involving the bones. If low bone density is a concern, taking nutritional supplements and physical therapy sessions may be advised to maintain bone strength and rebuild bone over time.
Bone density loss is a serious concern. Patients are at increased risk of serious fractures, especially in major bones such as the hip, and it will take longer to heal after a fracture. You may also experience bone pain and weakness, making it difficult to engage in daily activities and limiting your range of motion.
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