Cutaneous lupus erythematosus is a form of systemic lupus that causes a rash on the face and other parts of the body. Chronic, subacute, and acute subtypes cause different types of rash, with chronic causing disc-shaped lesions, subacute causing red rings, and acute causing a butterfly rash. Treatment includes creams, ointments, and steroid injections, and patients should avoid direct sunlight.
A lupus rash on the face is most commonly caused by a form of systemic lupus called cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Three subtypes of cutaneous lupus — chronic, subacute, and acute — are known to cause three different types of rash. While the main location of these rashes is on the face, it is not uncommon for them to appear on other parts of the body, particularly on spots exposed to light. Although cutaneous lupus causes a rash, it is still a form of a systemic condition, meaning it can affect the entire body.
Lupus is a form of autoimmune disease, which means that the disease causes the immune system to attack cells in the body. Skin cells are targeted by cutaneous lupus erythematosus, which is why this form is typically the one that causes a rash.
Chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus, also called discoid lupus, causes a rash with disc-shaped lesions. The lesions are usually thick and scaly and do not usually itch or burn. Skin discoloration and scarring often result from repeated events. Many people will develop a rash on other areas of the body, but most outbreaks occur on the face. The rash is often very sensitive to light and can get worse with prolonged exposure.
A rash on the face can also be caused by subacute cutaneous lupus, and these lesions have clear borders and look like red rings. Although the rash commonly occurs on areas exposed to sunlight, such as the arms, a rash on the face is also likely. Generally, itching and scarring are rare, but minor discoloration is possible.
Acute cutaneous lupus is another possible cause of a lupus rash on the face. With this type of lupus, active systemic lupus is often the primary cause. A malarial rash, also called a butterfly rash, occurs with this form. This rash looks like a butterfly and spreads from one cheek to the other, crossing the bridge of the nose.
It is best for patients who have a lupus rash to speak to a dermatologist. Creams and ointments may be applied to promote healing, and steroid injections may also be used. All three types of lupus rash are photosensitive, and individuals should stay out of direct sunlight when they get a rash.
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