Multiple miscarriages can be caused by chromosomal, hormonal, uterine, immune, or environmental factors. Chromosomal abnormalities are the most common cause in the first trimester, while hormonal imbalances and uterine abnormalities can also play a role. Immunological issues and chronic health conditions can also increase the risk of miscarriage. Women should work with their doctors to determine the underlying cause and make a plan for treatment.
A single miscarriage can be devastating for expectant parents, and multiple miscarriages can be increasingly traumatic. When a woman has multiple miscarriages, she often points to an underlying problem that will require diagnosis and treatment before she can have a successful pregnancy. Some of the more common underlying causes of multiple miscarriages include chromosomal, hormonal, or uterine abnormalities. Additional possible causes include immune problems, disease, or exposure to environmental toxins.
The most common cause of miscarriage that occurs in the first trimester is the presence of chromosomal or genetic abnormalities. These abnormalities interfere with the development of the embryo and may be present in both the mother’s and father’s chromosomes. The risk of these abnormalities increases for women over the age of 35. If a couple experiences multiple miscarriages due to chromosomal abnormalities, the couple might consider visiting a genetic counselor for guidance.
A hormone imbalance called a luteal phase defect can lead to multiple miscarriages for some women. With this problem, a woman’s body doesn’t create enough progesterone to sustain a successful pregnancy. Other problems with the thyroid or adrenal glands can affect a woman’s hormone levels and possibly lead to miscarriage. Some women may benefit from hormone therapy as directed by a doctor.
Structural abnormalities in the uterus can also lead to repeated miscarriages. In some cases, a miscarriage may occur due to the size, shape, or formation of the uterus. If a woman has uterine fibroids or growths, she may also have difficulty sustaining a pregnancy. For some women, these problems can be resolved with surgery.
Some immunological problems can prevent a pregnancy from progressing. In some cases, the woman’s immune system sees the developing embryo as a foreign object and attacks it. This could occur if the parents’ genetic material is too similar. Couples who experience multiple miscarriages are often encouraged to undergo immunological tests.
Women with chronic health conditions, including diabetes, heart disease or high blood pressure, could experience repeated miscarriages if their health is not under control. Untreated infections, such as rubella or herpes, can also lead to problems sustaining a pregnancy. Women with health problems should work with their doctors to manage the conditions in order to help prevent recurring miscarriages.
Exposure to environmental toxins can also lead to miscarriage. This includes chemicals, radiation or substances such as alcohol, tobacco or drugs. Pregnant women should limit their exposure to any of these toxins.
If a woman experiences multiple miscarriages, she should work with her doctor to determine the underlying cause and make a plan for treatment, if possible. You may be able to reduce your risk of another pregnancy loss. Many women recover from miscarriages and go on to sustain successful pregnancies.
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