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Swollen tonsils are common in children and can be caused by viral or bacterial infections. A doctor should be consulted if symptoms occur, as complications such as sleep apnea or respiratory blockage can arise. Antibiotics may be prescribed for bacterial infections, and hygienic practices can help prevent recurrence.
The tonsils are lymph nodes in the back of the throat that play a role in fighting infection. The most common cause of a swollen tonsil is the common cold virus, but it is sometimes caused by other viral or bacterial infections. The most frequent bacterial causative agent is the bacterium that produces sore throats. The tonsils produce white blood cells that fight bacteria and viruses. When they become overwhelmed by an infection, they become swollen and inflamed, causing the condition known as tonsillitis.
A swollen tonsil is most commonly seen in children between preschool and mid-teens. Sometimes, both tonsils may be swollen, rather than just one. In addition to this symptom, they may experience fever, sore throat, or headache. Swallowing can be painful and they may speak in a scratchy voice. The tonsils may be red and may contain white or yellow spots.
A doctor should be consulted when these symptoms are seen, as complications could arise from the untreated condition. Frequent bouts of a swollen tonsil could cause a condition known as sleep apnea, which is the temporary cessation of breathing during sleep. Other complications include infection spreading to surrounding tissue in the throat or complete blockage of the respiratory path. In cases where a swollen tonsil is caused by a sore throat, the untreated condition can lead to very serious medical ailments.
If tests show that the single swollen tonsil is caused by a bacterial infection, antibiotics will be prescribed. Depending on the severity of the infection, they can be given as an injection or in pill form. If pills are prescribed, it is imperative that they are taken for the entire recommended period. Sometimes a parent stops giving the medicine once the symptoms have eased. This may result in the infection not being eliminated.
Additional doctor recommendations for tonsil problems may include drinking plenty of fluids, especially warm rather than warm ones. Gargling with warm salt water might help. Throat lozenges containing benzocaine may relieve pain, but should not be used by young children due to the potential for choking. Administering acetaminophen can also help with pain and fever, but a child should never be given aspirin.
Hygienic practices can also help prevent a swollen tonsil from recurring. Children can be trained to wash their hands thoroughly and often, particularly after visiting the bathroom or before meals. They should also refrain from sharing food and drink with others. Instructing a child to sneeze or cough into a handkerchief or elbow can help prevent the infection from spreading.
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