Unexplained swelling can have many causes, including allergies, medical conditions affecting the heart, kidneys, or liver, autoimmune diseases, physical injury, and cancer. Swelling involving the face, lips, or tongue accompanied by a rash or difficulty breathing requires emergency medical care. Proper diagnosis and treatment are important.
A concerning symptom with many potential causes, unexplained swelling can be caused by an allergic reaction to foods, medications, or environmental substances, especially when the swelling involves the face, lips, and throat. Medical conditions affecting the heart, kidneys, or liver can sometimes cause swelling in various areas of the body. Autoimmune diseases such as lupus or arthritis can cause unexplained swelling in the joints.
Any unexplained swelling involving the face, lips, or tongue should be reported to a doctor right away, especially if these symptoms are accompanied by a rash or difficulty breathing. This combination of symptoms can indicate a potentially life-threatening allergic reaction known as anaphylaxis. Emergency medical care is needed in case of anaphylaxis, as lack of oxygen to the brain and other internal organs can cause death within minutes.
Liver or kidney disease can cause unexplained swelling all over the body, especially in the hands, feet, and abdomen. Some heart conditions, such as congestive heart failure, can also involve this symptom. You may need blood tests and other diagnostic testing methods, including X-rays or ultrasounds, to properly diagnose these conditions.
Arthritis often causes unexplained swelling involving the joints. Other symptoms may include pain and difficulty moving the affected joints. Over-the-counter or prescription medications can be used to help control these symptoms. Autoimmune diseases such as lupus can lead to swelling of joints and other parts of the body. In some cases, swelling can be caused by physical injury, sunburn, or poor eating habits.
Lymph node infections or some forms of cancer can cause swelling in the neck, armpit, or groin. Prescription antibiotics are usually effective in treating infections. If cancer is suspected, a series of medical tests may be needed to accurately diagnose the cause of the swelling.
Thyroid disease, the use of certain medications, or standing for extended periods of time can sometimes lead to the development of unexplained swelling. This symptom can also be caused by getting too much sodium in your diet. While swelling does not usually indicate the presence of a serious disease, it is important to always report any unusual symptoms to a doctor so that an accurate diagnosis can be obtained and appropriate medical treatment initiated.
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