Cellular immunology studies the cells and molecules of an organism’s immune system, including how they work together to defend against pathogens, immune system malfunctions, allergies, autoimmune diseases, organ transplant rejection, cancer, and factors that influence immune system functionality.
Cellular immunology is the study of the cells and molecules of an organism’s immune system. The field involves studying how these different cells and molecules work together to provide a defense against different types of pathogens. To better understand cellular immunology, researchers study both healthy immune systems and those actively fighting pathogens, comparing the differences and similarities in how the cellular physiology of the immune system operates.
The malfunction or malfunction of an immune system at the cellular level is also a subject of study in cellular immunology. Study subjects include cellular deficiencies of the immune system, including patients who have diseases that reduce the response of the immune system such as HIV or AIDS. Cell immunologists also study the hypersensitivity of the immune system to environmental factors, such as allergies or asthma. How autoimmune disease works – when a body’s immune system attacks various tissue cells in conditions such as diabetes – is another topic of study in cellular immunology. Researchers are also studying at the cellular level why some organ transplants are rejected by people’s immune systems.
Those who study cellular immunology observe both innate responses of the immune system and adaptive responses of the immune system. The innate responses of the immune system are the body’s first line of defense against infection, with defense mechanisms being employed for all types of infections. Adaptive immune system responses are the body’s immune system’s second line of defenses and use cells that perform specific functions to rid the body of infections. These specific functions of these immune system cells, such as T and B cells, involve defense-oriented cells that remember past infections so they can respond with faster and stronger measures later.
Cancer and how it grows in a person’s body is also covered by cellular immunology. The spread of cancer through a person’s body occurs at the cellular level, as cancer involves the uncontrolled growth of cells from different tissues in the body. Cellular immunologists look for ways to harness the body’s immune system functions to prevent or stop the spread of cancer through the body’s tissues.
Researchers are also studying factors that influence cellular immunology. For example, a person’s age can affect the functionality of their immune system at a cellular level. Researchers study how environmental factors affect immune system response at the cellular level, for example if a patient has been exposed to certain pathogens early in life or later in life, the effect of health conditions on a person’s immune system a person and how genetics affect the functionality of the immune system at the cellular level.
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