Cervical infections can be caused by sexually transmitted diseases or irritation of the area. Symptoms include foul-smelling discharge, pain during urination and sex, and vaginal bleeding. Diagnosis is done through a pelvic exam and Pap smear, and treatment involves antibiotics or antiviral medication.
The cervix is located in the lower part of the uterus, in the upper part of the vaginal canal. A cervical infection occurs when the cervix becomes infected with bacteria or viruses. Infections of the cervix may be due to a sexually transmitted disease or may be the result of irritation of the area. Symptoms and treatment can vary depending on the cause of the infection. An infection of the cervix can lead to serious medical complications if not properly treated.
A sexually transmitted disease (STD) is a common cause of cervical infection. Uterine and vaginal infections can spread easily to the cervix. Gonorrhea and chlamydia are considered common causes of sexually transmitted infections in the cervix. Genital herpes and human papillomavirus can also leave a person vulnerable to infection.
Cervical infections aren’t always the result of STDs. Cervical infections often occur due to irritation of the cervical skin. When skin becomes irritated, it’s generally more vulnerable to infection. For this reason, vaginal yeast infections, bacterial vaginosis, and allergic reactions to latex or spermicidal creams can lead to cervical infections. Douching, using intrauterine devices, or even leaving tampons in place for too long can all contribute to cervical infection.
Mild infections or irritations of the cervix may be asymptomatic. Some sexually transmitted infections of the neck, such as chlamydia, can cause serious damage to the reproductive organs while remaining asymptomatic. When symptoms of infection do occur, they generally include excessive, foul-smelling vaginal discharge that may be yellow or gray in color. Excessive urination can occur, and both urination and sexual intercourse can be painful. Vaginal bleeding can occur with intercourse, including between menstrual periods or during menopause.
Cervical infections are typically diagnosed with a pelvic exam and Pap smear. The pelvic exam allows a doctor to visually examine your genitals for changes in appearance. A Pap smear allows your doctor to take a sample of vaginal fluids. These fluids are usually tested in a laboratory for the presence of bacteria or viruses.
Antibiotics are often prescribed to treat cervical infections caused by bacteria, while antiviral medications are reserved for those caused by viral infections. If your cervical infection wasn’t the result of a sexually transmitted disease, a doctor may find that no treatment is needed. Some common causes of cervical infection, such as vaginal yeast infection or bacterial vaginosis, can resolve on their own or can be easily treated with over-the-counter medications.
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