Cervical kyphosis is a condition where the neck has an abnormal curvature, causing discomfort and stiffness. Treatment ranges from exercise and bracing to surgery, depending on the severity. Diagnosis involves a physical exam and imaging tests, and treatment focuses on managing symptoms and slowing progression. Severe cases may require surgery, but there are risks associated with invasive procedures.
Cervical kyphosis is a progressive condition defined by an abnormal curvature of the neck. The severity of one’s kyphosis depends entirely on the cause and degree of curvature. Treatment generally ranges from regular exercise and bracing to surgery.
A complete history and physical exam are essential to confirm a diagnosis of cervical kyphosis. It’s helpful to tell your doctor about any recent injury or medical condition that may have contributed to the sudden onset of symptoms, such as an accident or infection. A variety of diagnostic tests, including a blood test, may be done to rule out other conditions that can mimic the discomfort associated with cervical kyphosis. Imaging tests, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are the most valuable tool in confirming a diagnosis and determining the degree of cervical curvature and the best course of treatment.
The signs of cervical kyphosis can vary depending on the severity and cause of the curvature. Progressive kyphosis initially causes discomfort and stiffness that affects range of motion in the neck and does not go away, but gets worse over time. Acute cases of kyphosis, such as those resulting from neck trauma, generally include pronounced discomfort and may be accompanied by other signs, including swelling. If treatment is delayed or absent, kyphosis can contribute to spinal stenosis or narrowing of the spinal cord and impaired nerve function resulting in limb weakness and potentially irreversible paralysis.
Individuals of any age can develop cervical kyphosis if their cervical spine is compromised due to injury or illness. Disc degeneration, as often occurs with age, is the most common cause of progressive kyphosis in adults. It is not uncommon for some degree of kyphosis to occur even after spinal surgery or significant trauma to the neck. Individuals diagnosed with cervical cancer or spinal infection may also exhibit some forward curvature of the neck.
In most cases, cervical kyphosis is an irreversible condition, so treatment focuses on managing symptoms and slowing the progression of the curvature. Treatment for mild to moderate cervical kyphosis generally involves physical therapy and bracing. Some individuals may be prescribed pain relievers and anti-inflammatory medications to ease their discomfort. To maintain flexibility, it is essential that individuals with kyphosis remain as active as possible.
Surgical treatment for cervical kyphosis is reserved for severe cases where significant stress is placed on the spinal cord. Rod implantation and spinal fusion can be performed to align the cervical spine, improve appearance, and reduce the risk of paralysis. As with any invasive procedure, there are significant risks associated with surgical treatment, including irreversible nerve damage.
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