China’s main political parties?

The People’s Republic of China (PRC) has one ruling political party, which is the Communist Party of China (CPC). This is the largest political party in the world, with an estimated 80 million members at the end of 2010. The CCP is supported by an eight-party coalition, known as the United Front; however, the effective power of these parts is limited. Some areas have multi-party systems, including Hong Kong and Macau; and there are also a number of illegal parties in the PRC. Major historical parties in the area include the Kuomintang (KMT), the Chinese Youth Party (CYP), and the Progressive Party.

Communist Party

The CPC was founded in 1921 by Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao in Shanghai, with the help of a member of the USSR Comintern named Grigori Voitinsky. It was originally formed to promote communist ideology in the country and to supplant the KMT regime, which emerged as a major political entity after the overthrow of the Qing dynasty in 1912. In 1949, after years of fighting and occasional bouts of alliances, the CCP defeated the KMT and established the People’s Republic of China.

This party promotes the idea of ​​a one-party state. Although it began as a radical communist party, it went through periods of conservatism and reform and began to take on the characteristics of socialism in the 1970s. The party believes that the nation is best served by political unification both geographically and socially. Since the early 1980s, the CCP has placed a lot of emphasis on economic development and engagement with the rest of the world. Major party members include Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Lin Biao, Deng Xiaoping, Liu Shaoqi, Zhao Ziyang, Hu Yaobang, Jiang Zemin, Li Peng, Hu Jintao and Wen Jiaobao.

Despite the emphasis on unification, the party itself is often subject to infighting and factionalism. Two main factions include those people who have worked their way up through the party, often starting as members of the Communist Youth League of China (CYLC), and those who are the sons and daughters of elite officials. There’s also regional competition, as well as personal and family vendettas.

United front
The United Front’s eight parties, also known as “democratic parties,” include:
The Kuomingtang Revolutionary Committee of China
The Democratic League of China
La China Democratic National Construction Association
The China Association for the Promotion of Democracy
The Chinese Peasants’ and Workers’ Party
Il China Zhi Gong Party
Jiu San company
The League of Democratic Self-Government of Taiwan

These parties are supervised by the United Front Work Department, which in turn is supervised by a part of the CCP. None of these entities have any real power apart from the CCP, and many members of the United Front are also members of the CCP. Each part has a certain interest associated with it. For example, Jiu San Society tends to focus on scientific development, while the China Democratic League focuses on modernization and democracy, and the China Zhi Gong Party works to protect the interests of Chinese living overseas, among other things. The United Front also includes the China Federation of Industry and Commerce (ACFIC), which provides the government with input on business matters.
Regional holidays

Two areas of the PRC, Hong Kong and Macao, are special administrative regions (SARs). Both have multi-party systems left over from their time as colonies. While neither country has an official legislature for political parties, there are a number of political organizations that act as parties. In Hong Kong, there are over 10 political parties that have members who have held seats in the region’s legislative body, with major parties including the Democratic Party, Civic Party, Democratic Alliance for Improvement and Progress of Hong Kong and the League of Social Democrats. Members of political parties are eligible to sit on Hong Kong’s Legislative Council and are eligible to run for the Chief Executive, the executive’s top political position.

Macau also has a number of parties, including the United Citizens of Macao Association, Union for the Promotion of Progress, New Hope and Union for Development. As in Hong Kong, people of any political party can run for a legislative seat.
Illegal party

Several political parties in the PRC are considered illegal by the government, most of which have to do with promoting government systems other than communism, liberal democracy, civil rights, or the independence of some territories, such as Taiwan. They are seen by the government as a threat to the CCP’s legitimacy, and members are often observed and arrested. Notable parties include the Democratic Party of China and the Union of Chinese Nationalists
Historical Festivals

Aside from the CPC, the country’s most important historical political party was the KMT, which rose to prominence in the late 1920s after a period of infighting and civil war. It was based on a company founded by Dr. Sun Yat-Sen, born under General Chiang Kai-Shek. Although it was periodically allied with the CCP, particularly when fighting the Japanese in the 1930s and 1940s, the two sides permanently separated after they defeated Japan. After being defeated by the CCP in the late 1940s, the KMT moved to Taiwan where it is still a major political party.

Other historical Chinese political parties include the Progressive Party and the Chinese Youth Party. The Progressive Party was focused on forming a constitution in China so it could have a strong government, but it was largely ineffective. The Youth Party of China resisted both the KMT and the CCP, and was briefly the third largest political party in the country, after the KMT and the CCP. It functioned to promote nationalism and an end to warlord infighting after the fall of the Qing dynasty.

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