Chronic respiratory diseases, such as asthma and COPD, cause inflammation and irritation of the lungs and airways. Smoking and environmental factors can contribute to their development. Symptoms include coughing, wheezing, and chest pain. Treatment options include medications to reduce inflammation and open airways. Seeking medical evaluation is crucial for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
Chronic respiratory diseases are persistent conditions that cause inflammation and irritation of the lungs, airways and sinuses. There are several types of chronic respiratory disease, although the most common conditions are asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and a combination of the two. A person experiencing frequent colds or persistent episodes of coughing, wheezing, and chest pain should visit their doctor to be screened for chronic respiratory disease. Treatment measures vary depending on the underlying cause, but most patients are given medications to reduce inflammation and open the airways.
Chronic respiratory disease can arise from a congenital lung problem, a severe nasal allergy, or an underlying autoimmune disease. Environmental factors can also play a significant role in the development of respiratory problems. Smoking cigarettes and inhaling secondhand smoke are the leading causes of chronic respiratory disease in adults. An individual who is frequently exposed to chemicals, gases and pollution in industrial plants can also develop lung problems.
Asthma, COPD and other forms of chronic respiratory disease are very damaging to the lungs and airways; the lining of the lungs and throat is constantly inflamed, leading to excessive mucus production, swelling, and eventual scarring of the tissue. Two types of COPD called emphysema and bronchitis, which are usually caused by smoking, severely limit lung capacity as air sacs become permanently damaged. When the airways narrow, individuals are prone to coughing fits, wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and congestion. Additionally, the buildup of mucus in the sinuses and throat increases the risk of catching a cold.
It is essential for a person to seek medical evaluation if they have symptoms of a chronic respiratory disease. A doctor can diagnose breathing problems by listening to the patient’s chest with a stethoscope and taking an X-ray. It is important for the patient to explain their symptoms and medical history to ensure an accurate diagnosis. A patient may also be instructed to walk on a treadmill or blow into a device called a peak flow meter to measure lung capacity.
Once the diagnosis is made, the doctor can consider several treatment options. Patients are usually instructed to avoid conditions that make their symptoms worse, such as rigorous exercise and smoking. Individuals who get sick frequently may be prescribed antiviral drugs and antibiotics. Oral anti-inflammatory medications can help relieve swelling. Specialized inhalers called bronchodilators are given to patients to use in case of a bad cough or asthma attack to immediately open the airways.
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