Brain disorders range from minor imbalances to severe trauma. Common disorders include autism, learning disabilities, depression, and ADD. Causes can be rooted in brain chemistry, metabolism, or structure. Strokes and brain injuries are sudden and caused by external factors, while Alzheimer’s is a degenerative condition that mainly affects the elderly.
Brain disorders are not uncommon afflictions in humans, who have the most developed brains of any creature to walk the earth. Brain disorders range from minor emotional or chemical imbalances to severe trauma and injury. The most common brain disorders are those that affect a person’s ability to interact with the world around them in effective and acceptable ways. These include autism, learning disabilities, depression and attention deficit disorder (ADD).
The most common brain disorders that aren’t caused by injury can have many different causes. The complex human brain, with its highly developed cognitive abilities, has many places and ways things can go wrong. The disorders can be rooted in abnormalities in brain chemistry or metabolism, such as in ADD, bipolar disorder, and other dysfunctions. They can also affect the structure of the brain itself, such as in autism or Alzheimer’s disease.
In autism, it is often the case that there is abnormally low blood flow to certain parts of the brain, resulting in fewer brain cells in these areas. These conditions are almost always present in childhood. Alzheimer’s, on the other hand, is a degenerative condition that mainly affects the elderly, and leads to the gradual loss of brain mass. It is often characterized by confusion and memory loss as well as an increasing inability to take care of oneself. Doctors don’t yet know the exact causes of Alzheimer’s, but they have improved their ability to diagnose it and differentiate it from other conditions that have similar symptoms.
Many brain disorders aren’t in themselves a lack of mental function, but they can lead to one. Strokes and brain injuries are among the most common brain disorders that occur suddenly and are often caused by external factors. Brain injury is, of course, caused by events outside the brain. Aside from physical trauma, which in itself is very serious, conditions and diseases elsewhere in the body can cause injury to the brain. Among these are heart disease, high blood pressure and heat stroke.
Stroke is the most common cerebrovascular disease, which is a disease that affects blood flow to the brain. It occurs when an artery in the brain is blocked or when bleeding occurs within the brain. Both can lead to oxygen deprivation to the affected area, as well as a heart attack, damage to an area of tissue. All strokes lead to denial of blood flow to a certain part of the brain, but they can range in size from enormous to barely noticeable. They can occur anywhere in the brain and therefore have an unlimited variety of possible effects.
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