Conveyors have different designs and components depending on the application. Traditional belts have a drive mechanism, loop belt, and rollers. Gravity rollers have parallel rollers, while powered rollers have chain or belt drives. Other designs use pipes, raceways, vibratory mechanisms, and pumps. Conveyor belts have at least three components: belt, drive mechanism, and load bearing surface. Roller conveyors can be powered or gravity-operated. Pneumatic systems use hoses and vacuum or compressed air, while vibrating conveyors use a channel and vibrating mechanism.
There are many types of conveyors that can have very different designs, so the different types of conveyor components depend on the particular application. Traditional conveyor belts consist of a drive mechanism, a loop belt and rollers or a running surface to support loads. These conveyors may require some type of wrapping to keep the belt taut and often use scrapers and brushes to clean the surface. Gravity roller conveyor components typically consist of parallel rollers running on bearings, although powered roller systems also include chain or belt drives. Other conveyor components include pipes, raceways, vibratory mechanisms, pumps used to create vacuum, and many other specialized parts.
Conveyor belts are a common design that can be relatively simple or very complex depending on the situation. These conveyors consist of at least three different components, which are the belt, the drive mechanism, and the load bearing surface. Belts are often made from substances such as rubber or nitrile, although some industrial applications use wire mesh. Drive mechanisms may use chains or belts, and often many drive pulleys are used to move the belt. Sometimes a tensioner pulley is used to provide tension and the belt may be supported by a solid running surface or rollers depending on the items it is designed to carry.
Roller conveyors are another design that can have varying degrees of complexity. One type of roller conveyor system is not powered and depends on gravity to operate. These devices have relatively few conveyor components and typically consist of little more than a carrier frame and a number of parallel rollers. Rollers are usually designed according to the loads they have to carry, so that at least three are supporting each item at all times. Powered roller conveyors include a few more components, including gears or pulleys at the ends of the rollers that are chain or belt driven.
Other designs use a wide variety of different conveyor components. Pneumatic systems use hoses and some kind of mechanism that creates a vacuum or uses compressed air. Some of these systems are capable of pushing and pulling objects through enclosed spaces. Another type of conveyor consists of little more than a channel and some type of vibrating mechanism designed to shake at high frequency and low amplitude or low frequency and high amplitude. With these relatively simple conveyors, the shaking motion is sufficient to move large or small objects depending on the frequency and amplitude of the vibrations.
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