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Companies use cost methods to analyze expenses of manufacturing products and compare them to profits. Process and job order costing are common methods, while activity-based costing isolates individual activities. Average cost analysis is used to establish the cost per unit and compare production costs.
There are several different cost methods that companies can use to analyze and evaluate the costs of producing products against the value of those products. Two of the most common approaches to cost analysis are process costs and work order costs, which are concerned with comparing the expenses involved in manufacturing with the profits of a product. Activity-based costing is often used in addition to these other methods to analyze individual aspects of the manufacturing process. These types of cost methods may also include an average cost analysis that looks at the cost of goods in relation to the number of goods produced.
Cost methods are the means by which a business, typically a manufacturer, can analyze the expenses associated with manufacturing a product and compare those costs to the amount realized in selling those products. One of the most common costing methods used by companies is often known as process costing. This method uses the expenses for a particular procedure, such as the packaging of a product, with respect to the amount of time it takes to complete the procedure and the value of that time. Process costing can be used to compare multiple steps in a manufacturing process and assess overall costs by combining the steps.
While process cost can be effective for many manufacturers, some companies may require more specific forms of cost methods. Job order costing is often used by manufacturers that produce fewer products overall, but charge more for those products, such as aircraft manufacturers. This costing method is typically used for individual jobs or orders, and each process is often kept separate rather than combined to create an average, which is often done in process costing. Each of these costing methods can also be used together to assess different parts of a large manufacturing process and provide the most relevant information possible for each step.
In addition to these costing methods, activity-based costing can also be used. This is a form of cost analysis in which individual activities that are part of larger procedures, such as time spent transporting goods on a forklift, are isolated and analyzed to determine the total cost. Activity-based costing allows companies to see more clearly the expenses related to individual activities that are part of the construction to ensure that time is used in the most productive way possible.
These different types of cost methods can also use average cost to analyze expenses related to production. This type of cost analysis involves the overall costs of a manufacturing process, relative to how many units are produced during that process, to establish the average cost per unit. Using average cost analysis allows companies to more easily compare the costs of producing units before and after efforts are made to improve efficiency and reduce expenses.
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